Genesis and Geological Significance of Late Ordovician Nb-rich Basalts from Tanjianshan Group in Saishitengshan Mountain, Northern Margin of Qaidam Tectonic belt
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摘要:
产于柴北缘构造带西段赛什腾山地区滩间山群中的变玄武岩的结晶年龄为（444±4）Ma，具有富Na2O、贫K2O、高TiO2、Nb及低LILE/HFSE和HREE/HFSE值等特征，球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分曲线整体表现为轻稀土相对富集、重稀土平坦的略向右缓倾型配分模式，且在原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图中显示Nb、Ta弱正异常，与富铌玄武岩地球化学特征一致。综合分析表明，赛什腾山富铌玄武岩岩浆源区为尖晶石相二辉橄榄岩，是俯冲大洋板片陡角度回转引起的上涌软流圈地幔在弧后盆地边缘（靠近岛弧侧）与亏损地幔楔混合的产物，指示晚奥陶世柴北缘西段仍处于弧后伸展阶段，陆陆碰撞尚未开始。结合区域已有资料，认为柴北缘滩间山群是晚寒武世—早中志留世洋陆转换过程中不同时期、不同构造背景下（包括洋岛、岛弧、弧后等）的火山-沉积产物，其经历了自大洋俯冲至陆陆碰撞前的整个俯冲消减过程，各类岩石因构造混杂最终保存于柴北缘狭长构造带内。
Abstract:The crystallization age of meta–basalts from Tanjianshan Group in Saishitengshan mountain, in the western part of the northern margin of Qaidam tectonic belt, was 444±4 Ma, which has the characteristics of rich Na2O, poor K2O, high TiO2, Nb, and low LILE/HFSE and HREE/HFSE ratios. The chondrite–normalized REE distribution curve shows a slightly right–leaning distribution pattern with relatively enriched LREE and flat HREE. On the primitive mantle–normalized trace element diagrams, Nb and Ta show weak positive anomalies, which is consistent with the geochemical characteristics of Nb–rich basalts. The comprehensive analysis shows that the magma sources of Nb–rich basalt in Saishiteng Mountain maybe the spinel–phase lherzolite, which is the product of the mixture of upwelling asthenosphere mantle and depleted mantle wedge at the edge of the back–arc basin near the island arc side caused by the steep angleroll–back of the subduction oceanic slab. It indicates that the western part of the northern margin of Qaidam basin was under the stage of back–arc extension during the late Ordovician, and the continental collision had not begun. Combined with the existing regional data, it is considered that the Tanjianshan Group in the northern margin of Qaidam Basin were the volcanic–sedimentary products of different periods and different tectonic settings in the process of ocean–continent transition from Late Cambrian to Early–middle Silurian,and had experienced the whole subduction process from oceanic subduction to continental collision. Due to tectonic mélange, various types of rocks were occurred in the northern margin of Qaidam basin.
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图 3 赛什腾山变玄武岩Zr/TiO2–Nb/Y分类图（a）（底图据Irvine T N，1971）、AFM图解（b）（底图据Winchester J A，1971）及TFeO–TFeO/MgO图解（c）（底图据Miyashiro A，1974）
Figure 3.
图 5 赛什腾山变玄武岩MgO–Nb/La图解（a）和 Nb–Nb/U图解（b）（底图据Kepezhinskas et al.，1997）
Figure 5.
图 7 赛什腾山富铌玄武岩（Tb/Yb）PM –（La/Sm）PM图解（a）（底图据Wang et al.，2002）和Ce/Y–Zr/Nb图解（b）（底图据Deniel，1998）
Figure 7.
图 8 赛什腾山富铌玄武岩Zr–Ti图解（a）和Th/Yb–Ta/Yb图解（a）（底图据Pearce J A，1982）
Figure 8.
表 1 赛什腾山变玄武岩主量元素（%）、微量元素（10−6）及稀土元素（10−6）含量分析结果
Table 1. Major element (%), trace element (10−6) and REE element (10−6) compositions of meta–basalts of Saishiteng mountain
样号 TK02-1 TK02-2 TK02-3 TK02-4 TK02-5 TK02-6 SiO2 50.08 48.90 49.38 49.48 49.43 52.05 Al2O3 15.46 15.55 15.45 15.54 15.56 14.98 Fe2O3 4.88 5.23 5.41 4.81 4.40 5.30 FeO 6.29 6.44 6.11 6.34 6.74 5.40 CaO 11.16 11.78 11.47 11.17 10.52 11.15 MgO 5.58 5.87 5.62 5.81 6.27 4.89 K2O 0.46 0.43 0.48 0.47 0.52 0.39 Na2O 2.60 2.44 2.56 2.73 3.02 2.43 TiO2 1.45 1.44 1.47 1.48 1.49 1.39 P2O5 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.14 0.13 MnO 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.130 LOI 1.76 1.64 1.76 1.87 1.77 1.76 TOTAL 100 100 100 100 100 100 TFeO 10.68 11.15 10.98 10.67 10.70 10.17 m/f 0.92 0.93 0.90 0.96 1.03 0.85 La 11.9 11.7 11.9 11.4 11.0 11.2 Ce 25.1 24.3 24.0 23.6 24.0 24.2 Pr 3.40 3.29 3.22 3.18 3.35 3.16 Nd 14.6 14.0 14.2 13.7 14.3 13.7 Sm 3.41 3.33 3.30 3.21 3.31 3.19 Eu 1.19 1.16 1.16 1.17 1.14 1.16 Gd 3.55 3.59 3.62 3.43 3.51 3.41 Tb 0.62 0.61 0.60 0.59 0.61 0.58 Dy 3.50 3.51 3.53 3.40 3.50 3.30 Ho 0.69 0.70 0.69 0.67 0.67 0.64 Er 1.87 1.87 1.93 1.84 1.82 1.74 Tm 0.28 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.25 Yb 1.81 1.71 1.71 1.77 1.76 1.70 Lu 0.25 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.23 Ba 111.0 80.4 82.0 83.8 98.4 79.5 Rb 16.1 8.7 9.1 9.0 10.5 8.3 Sr 286 273 267 245 256 284 Co 42.6 42.8 38.6 38.3 43.8 36.2 V 279 282 273 275 265 267 Cr 54.2 53.6 60.0 50.1 49.0 47.6 Ni 53.2 51.5 50.6 49.4 51.8 52.0 Nb 13.8 13.5 13.3 13.6 13.5 13.7 
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表 2 赛什腾山富铌玄武岩锆石LA–ICP–MS U–Pb同位素测年结果
Table 2. LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb isotopic analysis for meta–basalts of Saishiteng mountain
样点
编号207Pb/206Pb 207Pb/235U 206Pb/238U 208Pb/232Th 207Pb/206Pb 207Pb/235U 206Pb/238U 208Pb/232Th 232Th 238U Th/U 谐和
度比值 1σ 比值 1σ 比值 1σ 比值 1σ 年龄(Ma) 1σ 年龄(Ma) 1σ 年龄(Ma) 1σ 年龄(Ma) 1σ 1 0.049 87 0.001 21 0.286 16 0.006 52 0.0416 2 0.000 43 0.014 98 0.001 08 189 34 256 5 263 3 301 22 247 322 0.77 0.97 2 0.065 81 0.000 83 1.218 75 0.013 34 0.134 33 0.001 16 0.046 71 0.002 9 800 11 809 6 813 7 923 56 230 460 0.50 1.00 3 0.055 39 0.001 94 0.543 69 0.018 05 0.071 2 0.000 97 0.024 02 0.002 23 428 50 441 12 443 6 480 44 118 170 0.69 1.00 4 0.067 82 0.002 8 1.351 75 0.053 45 0.144 58 0.002 5 0.042 26 0.004 86 863 53 868 23 871 14 837 94 38 46 0.83 1.00 5 0.056 47 0.001 0.555 8 0.009 0.071 4 0.000 68 0.025 21 0.001 59 471 20 449 6 445 4 503 31 363 381 0.95 1.01 6 0.082 72 0.001 08 1.804 99 0.020 67 0.158 28 0.001 41 0.088 43 0.005 51 1263 10 1047 7 947 8 1713 102 137 368 0.37 1.11 7 0.096 35 0.003 98 0.553 0.020 99 0.041 63 0.000 78 0.021 42 0.002 5 1555 43 447 14 263 5 428 49 156 278 0.56 1.70 8 0.068 66 0.001 61 1.274 27 0.027 79 0.134 62 0.001 58 0.049 34 0.003 87 889 26 834 12 814 9 973 75 300 490 0.61 1.02 9 0.134 88 0.001 67 7.450 97 0.081 07 0.400 69 0.003 78 0.129 81 0.008 08 2162 8 2167 10 2172 17 2467 145 99 115 0.86 1.00 10 0.054 36 0.001 08 0.532 7 0.009 77 0.071 08 0.000 7 0.025 44 0.001 79 386 24 434 6 443 4 508 35 335 589 0.57 0.98 11 0.050 99 0.002 27 0.292 27 0.012 53 0.041 58 0.000 57 0.015 64 0.001 22 240 73 260 10 263 4 314 24 148 118 1.26 0.99 12 0.055 93 0.003 5 0.545 23 0.032 69 0.070 72 0.001 56 0.029 17 0.004 73 450 94 442 21 440 9 581 93 46 106 0.43 1.00 13 0.056 2 0.002 53 0.547 82 0.023 48 0.070 71 0.001 2 0.032 12 0.004 48 460 65 444 15 440 7 639 88 55 184 0.30 1.01 14 0.052 4 0.001 45 0.302 3 0.007 89 0.041 85 0.000 48 0.014 83 0.001 02 303 39 268 6 264 3 298 20 576 346 1.67 1.02 15 0.111 7 0.001 3 5.031 97 0.049 94 0.326 75 0.002 86 0.106 64 0.007 06 1827 8 1825 8 1823 14 2048 129 127 332 0.38 1.00 16 0.078 27 0.001 18 1.899 1 0.025 7 0.175 99 0.001 66 0.022 9 0.002 42 1154 13 1081 9 1045 9 458 48 258 1275 0.20 1.10 17 0.072 75 0.001 23 0.417 78 0.006 36 0.041 65 0.000 39 0.015 04 0.000 99 1007 16 354 5 263 2 302 20 1090 764 1.43 1.35 18 0.055 4 0.000 88 0.545 81 0.007 78 0.071 47 0.000 64 0.022 65 0.001 53 428 17 442 5 445 4 453 30 474 575 0.83 0.99 19 0.109 15 0.001 32 4.795 4 0.049 75 0.318 68 0.002 82 0.092 01 0.006 43 1785 8 1784 9 1783 14 1779 119 109 194 0.56 1.00 20 0.160 59 0.002 63 10.148 06 0.156 85 0.458 37 0.005 68 0.127 82 0.010 57 2462 12 2448 14 2432 25 2431 189 136 196 0.69 1.01 21 0.112 36 0.003 87 1.106 64 0.034 75 0.071 44 0.001 23 0.065 63 0.007 55 1838 33 757 17 445 7 1285 143 97 378 0.26 1.70 22 0.085 54 0.001 5 2.683 72 0.043 07 0.227 57 0.002 38 0.059 39 0.004 7 1328 16 1324 12 1322 12 1166 90 110 155 0.71 1.00 23 0.093 91 0.003 24 0.538 43 0.017 07 0.041 59 0.000 65 0.025 26 0.002 77 1506 37 437 11 263 4 504 55 143 375 0.38 1.66 24 0.090 44 0.002 08 0.518 9 0.010 84 0.041 62 0.000 48 0.019 65 0.001 7 1435 23 424 7 263 3 393 34 251 493 0.51 1.61 25 0.061 94 0.001 23 0.929 19 0.017 06 0.108 81 0.001 08 0.030 32 0.003 31 672 23 667 9 666 6 604 65 22 138 0.16 1.00 26 0.068 72 0.000 92 0.673 98 0.007 76 0.071 14 0.000 61 0.025 81 0.001 98 890 11 523 5 443 4 515 39 333 951 0.35 1.18 27 0.154 24 0.004 01 0.884 75 0.020 23 0.041 61 0.000 6 0.013 85 0.001 13 2393 20 644 11 263 4 278 23 407 160 2.54 2.45 28 0.118 81 0.001 84 5.639 65 0.079 76 0.344 33 0.003 66 0.112 31 0.013 86 1938 12 1922 12 1907 18 2151 252 28 304 0.09 1.02 29 0.059 62 0.001 85 0.766 41 0.022 65 0.093 25 0.001 16 0.053 93 0.017 41 590 42 578 13 575 7 1062 334 4 137 0.03 1.01 30 0.070 69 0.001 31 1.356 53 0.022 97 0.139 19 0.001 41 0.039 11 0.003 85 948 19 870 10 840 8 775 75 168 680 0.25 1.04
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