Hydrothermal Alteration Characteristics and Migration Rules of Trace Elements in the North Sanshandao Sea Gold Deposit, Shandong, China
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摘要:
胶东地区是中国最重要的金矿矿集区，区内众多大型–超大型金矿集中产出，已探明金矿资源量占全国30%以上。构造蚀变岩型金矿是胶东区内重要的类型之一，三山岛北部海域金矿是该类型的典型代表。胶东三山岛北部海域金矿是近年来新发现的超大型金矿，对该矿床的蚀变岩石进行研究具有重要意义。通过详实地岩心编录与室内研究，查明了该矿床的主要蚀变类型及矿物组合特征，系统采集了典型蚀变岩石样品并进行了微量元素地球化学分析，运用质量平衡技术方法总结了热液蚀变过程中的元素迁移规律，同时探讨了黄铁绢英岩中微量元素特征。结果表明，在标高−1200～−1400 m 范围内蚀变强烈。蚀变类型有钾化、绢英岩化和黄铁绢英岩化等，其中与成矿关系最为密切的是绢英岩化和黄铁绢英岩化；从原岩到黄铁绢英岩的整个蚀变过程中，流体向围岩提供了大量（迁移量＞2）的As、Sb、Te等低温元素，中量（迁移量为1～2）的Pb、Zn、Cu等中温元素，少量（迁移量＜1）的Co、Ni、Cr等高温元素，表明在标高−1200～−1400 m处，流体以中低温元素组合为主，预测−1200～−1400 m处矿体仍处于中上部，深部还有很好的找矿潜力。
Abstract:Jiaodong area, the most important gold province in China, is an area with concentration occurrence of large and super large gold deposits, the proved reserves in Jiaodong Peninsula account for more than 30% of the country. The fracture zone altered type gold deposit is one of the important types in the area; The Sanshandao North Sea gold deposit is a typical representative of this type. This gold deposit is a super-large gold deposit newly discovered in recent years, it is important to study the eroded rock of this deposit. Based on the detailed rock core compilation and interior study, the main corrosion type and mineral combination characteristics were identified. Samples of typical eroded rock were collected and underwent trace element geochemical analysis, the element migration rules in the hydrothermal erosion are summarized by mass balance technique, and the characteristics of trace elements in beresite are also discussed. The results show that, in the elevation range-1200 to-1400 m, corrosion types are kalification, sericitization and beresitization. Among them, the most closely related to mineralization are sericitization and beresitization. From the original rock to the beresite, the fluid provides a large number of low temperature elements (migration value ＞ 2) such as As, Sb, Te, moderate medium temperature elements (migration values are 1~2) such as Pb, Zn, Cu, and a small number of high temperature elements (migration value ＜1) such as Co, Ni, and Cr. It is shown that at-20 −1200 to −1400 m, it is predicted that the ore body at −1200 to −1400 meters is still in the upper middle part, and there is still good prospecting potential in the depth.
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Key words:
- hydrothermal alteration /
- mass balance /
- gold deposit /
- Jiaodong
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表 1 三山岛北部海域金矿岩石微量元素含量表（10−6）
Table 1. Compositions of trace elements of rocks in the super lager Sanshandao North Sea gold deposit (10−6)
岩性 二长花岗岩 绢英岩 黄铁绢英岩 样号 H1169 H1172 均值 H1200 H1358 H1366 H1425 均值 H1186 H1388 H1392 H1417 均值 Ag 0.071 0.035 0.053 0.510 0.820 1.660 0.870 0.965 10.300 20.900 8.310 12.300 12.953 As 3.400 0.470 1.935 34.900 33.700 98.600 25.800 48.250 2241.000 935.000 203.000 122.000 875.250 Pb 34.000 35.000 34.500 52.400 113.000 174.000 58.600 99.500 226.000 107.000 268.000 596.000 299.250 Zn 82.800 36.000 59.400 16.400 380.000 112.000 31.500 134.975 97.200 39.400 23.600 8.550 42.188 Cu 25.300 3.000 14.150 20.900 42.400 38.600 60.600 40.625 107.000 483.000 23.100 61.700 168.700 W 1.430 0.170 0.800 0.810 2.440 3.590 3.900 2.685 1.390 1.890 5.140 3.150 2.893 Mo 0.420 0.950 0.685 0.540 0.520 0.290 1.030 0.595 0.590 0.950 0.460 0.760 0.690 Co 2.940 0.960 1.950 4.850 2.330 1.990 5.040 3.553 3.370 3.950 6.100 5.120 4.635 Ni 27.600 1.840 14.720 22.900 23.300 18.400 42.100 26.675 29.500 35.000 12.600 30.900 27.000 Cr 200.000 120.000 160.000 197.000 245.000 185.000 469.000 274.000 310.000 308.000 89.100 220.000 231.775 Sb 0.051 0.280 0.166 0.330 0.740 1.120 0.29 0 0.620 8.600 1.760 0.930 0.260 2.888 Bi 0.020 0.580 0.300 0.380 0.780 1.270 2.010 1.110 3.470 7.370 18.900 24.100 13.460 Hg 0.007 0.008 0.0075 0.008 0.0140 0.008 0.005 0.009 0.011 0.014 0.007 0.004 0.009 Ti 738.000 624.000 681.000 751.000 590.000 1045.000 521.000 726.750 749.000 336.000 908.000 496.000 622.250 Sn 1.850 2.000 1.925 2.300 2.910 2.430 5.180 3.205 2.270 2.010 1.720 3.400 2.350 Te 0.003 0.008 0.006 0.071 0.004 0.003 0.082 0.040 0.011 0.062 0.051 0.053 0.044 
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表 2 三山岛北部海域金矿构造蚀变带微量元素化学成分迁移表
Table 2. Trace elements migration of alteration zone in the Shanshandao North Sea gold deposit
成分 Xgp（原岩-绢英岩化） Xgp（绢英岩化-黄铁绢英岩化） Ag 16.91 14.66 As 23.51 20.17 Pb 1.84 2.51 Zn 1.23 −0.65 Cu 1.82 3.85 W 2.30 0.26 Mo −0.15 0.35 Co 0.79 0.52 Ni 0.78 0.18 Cr 0.68 −0.01 Sb 2.67 4.44 Bi 2.64 13.15 Hg 0.18 0.17 Sn 0.64 −0.14 Te 5.55 0.28
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