Petrogenesis and Geological Implications of Bashenerxi Monzogranite from East Kunlun Orogen Belt
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摘要:
巴什尔希花岗杂岩体侵位于东昆仑北部与南阿尔金造山带的结合部位。角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗岩均采自巴什尔希岩体中细粒状似斑状二长花岗岩单元。锆石LA–ICP–MS年代学研究显示其成岩年龄分别为(452.8±3.1) Ma和(454.2±4.8) Ma，后者还获得了一组残留核年龄为(758 ± 15) Ma。样品具有高SiO2含量（71.97%～73.49%和73.28%～74.12%）和高K2O含量（4.80% ～ 5.61%和5.57%～5.79%）的特点，Na2O含量分别为3.01%～3.13%和2.83%～2.91%， CaO含量低，A/CNK 均为1.02～1.07，属于弱过铝质系列花岗岩。稀土配分模式呈 “海鸥型”分布，LREE/HREE值分别为17.80～26.06和9.09～11.79，轻重稀土分馏程度较高，δEu值为 0.31～0.44，中等负Eu异常；富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K、U、Pb，亏损高场强元素 Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、P、Ti。样品均具有高Si、富碱、相对贫Na、高K、低Ca的岩石地球化学特征。锆石的εHf（t）值为0.86～−8.65，绝大多数为负值，tDM2值为1280～1734 Ma，指示源岩物质源于古中元古代地壳物质。岩浆起源温度均为~800 ℃，熔融压力为0.8～1.0 GPa，表明可能形成于碰撞造山后的初始伸展阶段。通过与南阿尔金以及东昆仑北缘祁漫塔格地区早古生代地质演化历史对比，认为该杂岩体的形成时代、岩浆序列和构造背景与南阿尔金构造域更具亲缘性。
Abstract:The Bashenerxi granitic complex intruded at the junction of East Kunlun and South Altyn orogenic belt. In this paper, the hornblende monzogranite and the gray monzonitic granite are both derived from the porphyritic monzogranite unit in the Bashenerxi intrusion. Zircon LA–ICP–MS geochronology shows that the diagenetic ages are (452.8±3.1) Ma and (454.2±4.8) Ma, respectively. A group of age (758±15) Ma is concentrated in the core of zircon. The content of SiO2 is between 71.97% and 74.12%, A/CNK =1.02～1.07, K2O = 4.80%～5.79%, and Na2O =2.83%～3.13%, which belongs to high–silica, high–potassium and peraluminous granites. The distribution pattern of rare earth elements is characterized by “gull type” distribution with strong negative europium anomaly (δEu=0. 31～0.44), enrichment of large ion lithophile elements Rb, K, U, Pb and high field strength elements Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, and loss of Sr, P, Ti. Zirconium saturation thermometer show that the magma origin temperature was about 800 ℃, and the melting pressure was about 0.8～1.0 GPa. The samples are characterized by peraluminous, alkali rich, relatively poor in sodium, high in potassium and low in calcium. and they are strongly depleted in Ba, Sr, Ti, P and Eu, according this characterized, rock was judged to be S–type granite. The epsilon εHf（t）value of the rocks is 0.86～−8.65. The age of the two–stage Hf model (tDM2) = 1280～1784 Ma, mainly derived from the Paleo–Mesoproterozoic accretive crust. Based on the regional tectonic evolution and tectonic discrimination, it is considered that the rocks were formed after the Altyn deep subduction continental crust plate was broken off, and the regional tectonic background changed from compression to extension.
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Key words:
- Bashenerxi /
- monzogranite /
- petrogenesis /
- tectonic setting
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图 4 角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗岩稀土模式图（a）和微量元素蛛网图（b）（原始地幔值据Sun et al.，1989）
Figure 4.
表 1 角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗岩地球化学组成（主量元素：%；微量元素：10−6）
Table 1. Element compositions of granite (Major element: %; Trace element: 10−6)
元素 13A-18（a） 13A-18（b） 13A-18（c） 13A-18（d） 13A-18（e） 13A-18（g） 13A-19（a） 13A-19（b） 13A-19（c） 13A-19（d） 13A-19（e） 13A-19（f） SiO2 72.09 73.49 73.22 71.97 72.67 72.31 73.67 74.12 73.49 73.84 73.28 73.83 TiO2 0.26 0.29 0.24 0.32 0.31 0.33 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.19 0.18 Al2O3 13.98 13.09 13.51 13.76 13.55 13.48 13.61 13.53 13.64 13.61 13.65 13.48 Fe2O3t 2.01 2.14 1.74 2.36 2.45 2.21 1.57 1.54 1.53 1.56 1.55 1.51 MnO 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 MgO 0.34 0.36 0.29 0.42 0.38 0.38 0.30 0.31 0.28 0.30 0.31 0.28 CaO 1.18 1.17 0.92 1.21 1.24 1.21 0.99 1.11 1.17 1.17 1.08 1.06 Na2O 3.13 3.10 3.01 3.04 3.06 3.08 2.91 2.90 2.86 2.90 2.89 2.83 K2O 5.51 4.80 5.61 5.19 5.38 5.45 5.75 5.57 5.64 5.60 5.60 5.79 P2O5 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 LOI 1.07 1.19 0.92 1.10 0.87 1.02 0.88 0.94 0.82 0.93 0.91 0.94 TOTAL 99.69 99.76 99.57 99.51 100.1 99.61 99.96 100.3 99.72 100.2 99.56 100.0 Li 31.2 28.6 26.3 33.1 37.6 24.6 41.8 47.6 45.6 42.2 44.4 43.9 Be 4.53 4.84 4.10 4.69 4.23 4.89 2.99 4.10 3.38 3.95 3.63 3.45 Sc 3.38 3.67 2.69 3.54 5.54 3.42 3.14 3.21 2.89 2.93 3.20 2.84 V 12.9 13.3 9.65 16.0 14.1 13.7 8.46 8.09 8.22 8.08 8.15 7.71 Cr 6.52 5.63 6.82 4.12 4.33 4.55 5.64 7.20 7.00 3.49 5.00 3.19 Co 19.2 32.2 33.2 20.2 24.5 35.9 32.3 36.2 33.4 34.8 35.9 26.4 Ni 2.33 3.69 4.05 2.38 2.59 2.88 4.93 4.32 4.11 2.39 3.29 2.06 Cu 1.56 2.21 1.54 2.53 4.10 1.81 1.41 1.10 1.16 1.03 1.00 1.01 Zn 32.7 38.4 29.6 38.0 43.5 37.8 29.3 33.4 31.3 35.7 31.9 29.8 Ga 20.8 20.0 19.4 21.5 21.1 20.3 18.6 19.4 18.8 19.0 18.7 18.2 Ge 1.57 1.36 1.48 1.52 1.54 1.44 1.53 1.62 1.60 1.61 1.53 1.57 Rb 203 183 187 178 206 208 235 214 224 198 223 240 Sr 80.7 73.9 75.9 83.9 79.6 79.5 86.1 77.5 78.6 79.5 80.2 76.0 Y 27.6 31.3 20.2 25.1 26.8 23.9 36.0 38.3 33.0 34.1 29.7 33.0 Zr 231 230 190 284 239 252 171 172 171 169 171 164 Nb 27.6 30.0 23.9 34.6 33.2 38.1 27.2 30.5 29.4 31.3 29.5 30.4 Cs 2.75 2.46 1.72 2.57 3.48 1.54 4.83 4.09 6.47 3.61 5.17 3.57 Ba 478 313 393 412 385 424 393 361 384 373 402 370 La 56.4 65.7 51.2 65.0 65.1 64.6 50.4 50.7 54.1 56.8 60.4 50.7 Ce 110 129 101 126 128 122 96.9 98.2 104 106 114 98.4 Pr 12.4 14.6 11.4 14.5 14.8 14.2 11.1 11.2 11.8 12.1 13.0 11.0 Nd 42.1 51.2 38.4 50.1 51.2 48.6 37.9 38.5 40.8 42.2 45.9 38.7 Sm 7.30 8.70 6.54 8.94 9.39 8.27 7.60 7.86 8.15 8.24 8.77 7.69 Eu 0.95 0.88 0.88 1.00 0.94 0.97 0.77 0.77 0.81 0.80 0.83 0.76 Gd 6.00 7.01 5.25 7.13 7.48 6.83 6.75 6.98 7.02 7.22 7.34 6.78 
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续表1 元素 13A-18（a） 13A-18（b） 13A-18（c） 13A-18（d） 13A-18（e） 13A-18（g） 13A-19（a） 13A-19（b） 13A-19（c） 13A-19（d） 13A-19（e） 13A-19（f） Tb 0.83 1.00 0.68 0.91 0.98 0.91 1.03 1.07 1.01 1.02 1.03 0.97 Dy 4.67 5.53 3.62 4.72 5.13 4.67 5.89 6.17 5.60 5.67 5.47 5.43 Ho 0.85 1.04 0.64 0.82 0.88 0.79 1.12 1.16 1.03 1.05 0.98 1.02 Er 2.49 2.97 1.82 2.25 2.37 2.14 3.14 3.33 2.82 2.92 2.65 2.88 Tm 0.37 0.42 0.25 0.30 0.32 0.30 0.46 0.49 0.42 0.42 0.38 0.42 Yb 2.27 2.52 1.54 1.79 1.97 1.88 2.96 3.15 2.66 2.72 2.42 2.72 Lu 0.31 0.34 0.23 0.26 0.27 0.28 0.42 0.45 0.39 0.39 0.35 0.38 Hf 5.54 5.79 4.81 6.76 5.72 6.12 4.61 4.63 4.73 4.56 4.81 4.45 Ta 2.32 2.23 1.43 1.84 1.87 2.37 1.87 2.52 2.23 2.79 2.24 2.61 Pb 22.7 18.9 17.6 19.0 19.4 18.1 27.1 27.6 29.2 30.2 32.6 29.8 Th 23.3 29.6 24.8 27.3 26.3 26.8 29.6 34.1 33.7 34.7 34.9 33.3 U 1.67 2.09 1.43 1.34 1.86 1.51 2.14 2.90 2.26 2.41 7.96 2.22 ΣREE 230 270 209 266 270 258 226 230 241 247 264 228 LREE 17.80 20.83 14.03 18.17 19.42 17.80 204.6 207.3 219.7 225.9 243.1 207.2 HREE 12.90 12.98 14.90 14.62 13.90 14.52 21.78 22.80 20.95 21.41 20.63 20.61 LREE/HREE 17.80 18.69 23.86 26.06 23.66 24.69 9.40 9.09 10.49 10.55 11.79 10.05 LaN/YbN 0.44 0.35 0.46 0.38 0.34 0.40 12.19 11.56 14.57 14.96 17.89 13.37 δEu 0.43 0.33 0.44 0.37 0.33 0.39 0.32 0.31 0.32 0.31 0.31 0.32 δCe 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.94 0.96 0.97 0.97 0.94 0.95 0.97 δ 2.57 2.05 2.46 2.34 2.40 2.48 2.45 2.31 2.37 2.34 2.38 2.41 Al2O3/TiO2 53.77 45.14 56.29 43.00 43.71 40.85 71.63 67.65 68.20 68.05 71.84 74.89 CaO/Na2O 0.38 0.38 0.31 0.40 0.41 0.39 0.34 0.38 0.41 0.40 0.37 0.37 K2O/Na2O 1.76 1.55 1.86 1.71 1.76 1.77 1.98 1.92 1.97 1.93 1.94 2.05 Rb/Ba 0.42 0.58 0.48 0.43 0.53 0.49 0.60 0.59 0.58 0.53 0.56 0.65 Sr/Ba 0.17 0.24 0.19 0.20 0.21 0.19 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.21 0.20 0.21 A/CNK 1.05 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.03 1.02 1.06 1.06 1.05 1.05 1.07 1.05 注: A/CNK = Al2O3 / (CaO + K2O + Na2O); δ =（K2O+Na2O)2 / (SiO2 －43); δEu = EuN / (SmN+GdN)1/2， δCe = CeN / (LaN + PrN)1/2；原始地幔值据Sun et al.，1989。
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表 2 角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗岩的锆石LA–ICP–MS定年分析表
Table 2. Table of dating analysis of granite zircon LA–ICP–MS
样品编号 含量( 10−6) Th / U 同位素比值 年龄值（Ma） 232Th 238U 207Pb / 206Pb 1σ 207Pb / 235U 1σ 206Pb /238U 1σ 207Pb /206Pb 1σ 207Pb /235U 1σ 206Pb /238U 1σ 13A-18-01 215 361 0.5973 0.0579 0.0027 0.5759 0.0269 0.0720 0.0012 528 104 462 17 448 7 13A-18-02 556 454 1.2254 0.0589 0.0025 0.5842 0.0236 0.0719 0.0009 565 91 467 15 448 6 13A-18-03 293 369 0.7941 0.0578 0.0032 0.5848 0.0300 0.0737 0.0010 520 120 468 19 458 6 13A-18-04 455 526 0.8648 0.0555 0.0036 0.5630 0.0366 0.0732 0.0011 435 143 453 24 455 6 13A-18-05 333 382 0.8713 0.0568 0.0028 0.5706 0.0275 0.0730 0.0011 483 109 458 18 454 6 13A-18-06 260 510 0.5091 0.0554 0.0025 0.5624 0.0245 0.0735 0.0010 428 98 453 16 457 6 13A-18-07 355 387 0.9165 0.0561 0.0031 0.5640 0.0305 0.0727 0.0012 457 120 454 20 452 7 13A-18-08 193 317 0.6106 0.0553 0.0040 0.5590 0.0418 0.0731 0.0017 433 161 451 27 455 10 13A-18-09 386 470 0.8217 0.0548 0.0043 0.5522 0.0462 0.0723 0.0011 406 178 446 30 450 6 13A-18-10 169 309 0.5458 0.0567 0.0042 0.5650 0.0415 0.0723 0.0016 480 161 455 27 450 10 13A-18-11 536 585 0.9177 0.0571 0.0032 0.5716 0.0330 0.0720 0.0012 494 124 459 21 448 7 13A-18-12 431 491 0.8788 0.0547 0.0029 0.5580 0.0293 0.0735 0.0010 398 120 450 19 457 6 13A-18-13 427 473 0.9029 0.0567 0.0051 0.5677 0.0482 0.0726 0.0010 480 166 457 31 452 6 13A-19-01 35 174 0.1997 0.0659 0.0048 1.1562 0.0793 0.1283 0.0019 1200 152 780 37 778 18 13A-19-02 89 193 0.4628 0.0652 0.0046 1.1382 0.0793 0.1263 0.0032 781 147 772 38 767 12 13A-19-03 168 481 0.3496 0.0662 0.0037 1.1736 0.0653 0.1283 0.0021 813 114 788 31 778 13 13A-19-04 700 268 2.6131 0.0626 0.0038 1.0943 0.0659 0.1265 0.0023 694 127 751 32 768 10 13A-19-05 308 668 0.4609 0.0637 0.0041 1.0351 0.0662 0.1172 0.0017 731 137 721 33 715 10 13A-19-06 114 127 0.8976 0.0571 0.0055 0.5708 0.0527 0.0727 0.0012 494 181 459 34 453 11 13A-19-07 152 632 0.2400 0.0562 0.0035 0.5656 0.0321 0.0734 0.0023 457 137 455 21 456 7 13A-19-08 683 1474 0.4637 0.0676 0.0041 1.1581 0.0759 0.1230 0.0026 857 124 781 36 748 13 13A-19-09 101 92 1.1082 0.0636 0.0051 1.1402 0.0891 0.1309 0.0014 728 169 773 42 793 15 13A-19-10 383 349 1.0975 0.0664 0.0034 1.1432 0.0617 0.1241 0.0022 820 107 774 29 754 13 13A-19-11 21 125 0.1646 0.0632 0.0066 1.0419 0.1128 0.1196 0.0039 722 222 725 56 728 23 13A-19-12 529 582 0.9077 0.0565 0.0030 0.5617 0.0303 0.0719 0.0011 472 117 453 20 448 7 13A-19-13 669 1139 0.5871 0.0549 0.0037 0.5610 0.0383 0.0739 0.0012 406 150 452 25 459 7 13A-19-14 266 453 0.5873 0.0627 0.0028 1.0607 0.0482 0.1228 0.0019 698 96 734 24 746 11 13A-19-15 44 76 0.5809 0.0684 0.0051 1.1881 0.0818 0.1289 0.0027 880 156 795 38 782 16 13A-19-16 86 185 0.4655 0.0631 0.0051 1.1077 0.0853 0.1279 0.0023 722 172 757 41 776 13 13A-19-17 288 2028 0.1420 0.0598 0.0023 0.5961 0.0229 0.0725 0.0011 594 83 475 15 451 7 13A-19-18 338 3209 0.1054 0.0569 0.0026 0.5741 0.0250 0.0733 0.0010 487 102 461 16 456 6 13A-19-19 466 561 0.8304 0.0561 0.0033 0.5712 0.0360 0.0737 0.0015 457 131 459 23 458 9 13A-19-20 229 497 0.4607 0.0555 0.0032 0.5577 0.0313 0.0733 0.0011 435 132 450 20 456 7
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表 3 角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗岩中锆石的Hf同位素分析结果
Table 3. Hf isotope analysis of zircons in granite
样品
编号176Yb/177Hf 176Lu/177Hf 176Hf/177Hf εHf（t） 2s tDM Hf （Ma） tDM2（Ma） 13A-18-01 0.05 0.001762 0.282483 −0.88 1.62 1132 1514 13A-18-02 0.05 0.001583 0.282457 −1.75 1.43 1161 1566 13A-18-03 0.05 0.001294 0.282421 −2.72 1.4 1200 1630 13A-18-04 0.06 0.001625 0.282473 −1.06 1.48 1142 1529 13A-18-05 0.06 0.001609 0.282407 −3.41 1.33 1235 1676 13A-18-06 0.04 0.001360 0.282447 −1.87 2.12 1167 1576 13A-18-07 0.04 0.001188 0.282443 −2.03 1.24 1164 1580 13A-18-08 0.05 0.001620 0.282454 −1.72 1.9 1167 1570 13A-18-09 0.05 0.001547 0.282414 −3.23 2.02 1222 1661 13A-18-10 0.06 0.001812 0.282399 −3.85 2.2 1255 1704 13A-18-11 0.06 0.001901 0.282344 −5.86 1.93 1338 1831 13A-18-12 0.06 0.001871 0.282342 −5.72 2.05 1340 1829 13A-18-13 0.04 0.001299 0.282444 −2.07 1.53 1169 1584 13A-19-01 0.02 0.000607 0.282319 0.86 1.50 1303 1459 13A-19-02 0.03 0.000694 0.282338 1.22 1.37 1280 1431 13A-19-03 0.08 0.002255 0.282307 −0.44 1.98 1380 1525 13A-19-04 0.03 0.000928 0.282337 1.11 1.31 1289 1438 13A-19-05 0.07 0.002191 0.282206 −5.29 1.69 1522 1718 13A-19-06 0.05 0.001340 0.282424 −2.68 1.28 1181 1378 13A-19-07 0.14 0.003492 0.282289 −2.33 1.84 1455 1596 13A-19-08 0.01 0.000278 0.282382 3.57 1.20 1206 1333 13A-19-09 0.07 0.002219 0.282266 −8.65 3.70 1437 1676 13A-19-10 0.06 0.001977 0.282373 −4.46 3.04 1274 1477 13A-19-11 0.05 0.001691 0.282178 −5.22 1.75 1542 1747 13A-19-12 0.02 0.000536 0.282231 −3.31 1.33 1422 1630 13A-19-13 0.05 0.001591 0.282407 −3.53 1.38 1213 1415 13A-19-14 0.03 0.000822 0.282374 −4.04 1.59 1234 1457 13A-19-15 0.06 0.001558 0.282331 −5.95 1.21 1319 1547 13A-19-16 0.08 0.002047 0.282367 1.12 1.90 1286 1420 13A-19-17 0.04 0.001104 0.282280 −0.72 1.65 1375 1542 13A-19-18 0.05 0.001422 0.282150 −5.61 2.14 1570 1784 13A-19-19 0.05 0.001526 0.282291 −7.53 1.35 1375 1620 13A-19-20 0.06 0.001655 0.282383 −4.23 1.25 1249 1457 13A-19-21 0.05 0.001465 0.282440 −2.16 0.92 1162 1352 13A-19-22 0.07 0.001984 0.282297 −7.32 1.70 1384 1615 13A-19-23 0.04 0.001186 0.282341 −5.56 1.15 1292 1524
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表 4 角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗的温度计计算结果
Table 4. Values for admellite by zircon saturation thermometer
样品编号 锆饱和温度计 M（×10-6） Dzr TZr（℃） 13A-18a 1.74 2147.16 793 13A-18b 1.71 2159.33 794 13A-18c 1.74 2605.78 776 13A-18d 1.69 1744.33 816 13A-18e 1.74 2077.57 796 13A-18f 1.76 1969.10 799 13A-19a 1.34 2893.36 796 13A-19b 1.35 2877.50 796 13A-19c 1.36 2897.50 795 13A-19d 1.36 2928.57 794 13A-19e 1.34 2899.91 796 13A-19f 1.36 3030.87 791 注:TZr(℃) = 12900 / (InDZr + 0.85M + 2.95)－273.15，DZr近似为496000/全岩锆含量，M=(2Ca+K+Na)/(Si×Al)，令Si+Al+Fe+ Mg+Ca+Na+K+P=1，均为原子数分数（Watson et al.，1983）。
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表 5 巴什尔希花岗岩类锆石年龄统计表
Table 5. Isotopic ages statistics of the granitoids in the Bashierxi magmatic series
位置 岩性 年龄（Ma） 构造背景 测试方法 资料来源 东昆仑巴什
尔希地区似斑状二长
花岗岩458±9.0 局部拉张构造背景 Zircon U−Pb LA−MC−ICP−MS 高晓峰等，2010 角闪二长花岗岩 452.9±3.6 碰撞造山后的初始
伸展构造背景Zircon U−Pb LA−ICP−MS 本文 灰色二 长花岗岩 454.2±4.8 本文 南阿尔金构
造带西段二长花岗岩 462±2.0 碰撞造山后的抬升初期 Zircon U−Pb LA−ICP−MS 曹玉亭等，2010 钾长花岗岩 452.8±3.1 俯冲陆壳断离后的
伸展背景杨文强等，2012 黑云母花岗岩 454.0±1.8 后碰撞初始伸展 Zircon U−Pb
LA−MC−ICP MS康磊，2014 钾长花岗岩 453.4±2.5 二长花岗岩 453.1±2.1 石英闪长岩 458.3±6.2 深俯冲陆壳折返抬升 康磊等，2016b 东昆仑巴什
尔希地区粗粒碱长花岗岩 432.3±0.8 造山花岗岩（板内和陆缘
造山带）后造山构造环境包亚范等，2008
黎敦朋等，2010碱长花岗岩 430.5±1.2 造山后局部拉张环境 Zircon U−Pb LA−MC−ICP−MS 高永宝等，2011 碱长花岗岩 422.0±3.0 后碰撞伸展阶段 Zircon U−Pb SIMS 李国臣等，2012 正长花岗岩 428.2±4.2 Zircon U−Pb LA−ICP−MS 王增振等，2014 正长花岗岩 422.5±2.3 正长花岗岩 413.6±2.4 Zircon U−Pb LA−ICP−MS 周建厚等，2014 南阿尔金构
造带东段似斑状钾长
花岗岩424 造山后伸展阶段 Zircon U−Pb LA−ICP−MS 王超等，2008 花岗细晶岩 406 碱性花岗岩 385.2±8.1 造山后的拉张环境 Zircon U−Pb LA−ICP−MS 吴锁平等， 2007
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