黑河干流中游地区近40年来地下水环境变化特征及其成因

冯嘉兴; 蒙琪; 王茜

doi:10.12401/j.nwg.2023045

黑河干流中游地区近40年来地下水环境变化特征及其成因

1.
甘肃省地质矿产勘查开发局水文地质工程地质勘察院，甘肃张掖　734000

2.
中国地质调查局水文地质环境地质调查中心，河北保定　071051

详细信息

作者简介: 冯嘉兴（1967−），男，高级工程师，主要研究方向为水工环地质、矿产地质。E–mail：3581572887@qq.com

通讯作者: 王茜（1985−），女，工程师，硕士，主要研究方向为水文学及水资源。E–mail：wangq@mail.cgs.gov.cn

中图分类号: P641.69；X523

收稿日期: 2022-10-24

修回日期: 2023-03-24

录用日期: 2023-03-24

刊出日期: 2023-08-20

Characteristics and Causes of Groundwater Environment Changes in the Middle Reaches of the Mainstream of the Heihe River in Recent 40 Years

1.
Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering, Geology of Gansu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development, Zhangye 734000, Gansu, China

2.
Center For Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, CGS, Baoding 071051, Hebei, China

More Information

Corresponding author: WANG Xi, wangq@mail.cgs.gov.cn

Received Date: 24 October 2022

Revised Date: 24 March 2023

Accepted Date: 24 March 2023

Publish Date: 20 August 2023

摘要

摘要:
长期的监测结果表明自20世纪80年代以来黑河中游张掖地区地下水环境发生显著变化。笔者应用时间序列分析、相关性分析和遥感解译等方法分析近40年来该地区地下水水位、地下水水化学、黑河出山径流量、气象要素、绿洲面积演变规律，识别地下水环境对气候变化及人类活动的响应规律。结果表明，研究区中部区域地下水水位变化与出山径流量相关性显著，与张掖地区降水量相关性差，气候变化通过影响黑河上游径流量进而对研究区中部地下水水位产生影响，研究区降水变化对地下水水位影响微弱；研究区西部、东部地下水水位变化受人类活动影响显著，东部山前区受河流弃水量持续增大影响，近年来地下水水位显著回升，西部明花乡至骆驼城一带井灌区由于地下水大量开采，地下水水位仍处于持续下降状态；研究区南部山前带河流两侧一定范围内地下水水化学特征多年保持稳定，其余地区地下水水化学特征变化显著。
- 气候变化 /
- 人类活动 /
- 地下水环境 /
- 地下水水位
Abstract:
The long–term monitoring results have shown significant changes in the groundwater environment in the middle reaches of the Heihe River in Zhangye area since the 1980s. Time series analysis, correlation analysis and remote sensing interpretation were applied to analyze the evolution of groundwater level, groundwater hydrochemistry, mountain runoff of Heihe river, meteorological elements, and oasis area in this area in recent 40 years, and to identify the response of groundwater environment to climate change and human activities. The results demonstrate that groundwater level changes in the central part of the study area are significantly correlated with the runoff from the mountain, and poorly correlated with the precipitation in Zhangye area. Climate change affects the groundwater level in the central part of the study area by affecting the runoff in the upper reaches of Heihe river. Rainfall change in the study area has a weak impact on the groundwater level. The change of groundwater level in the west and east of the study area is significantly affected by human activities. Affected by the continuous increase of surplus water, the groundwater level in the eastern pre–mountain area has risen significantly in recent years, while the groundwater level in the well irrigation area from Minghua township to Camel City in the west is still in a state of continuous decline due to the massive exploitation of groundwater. The groundwater chemical characteristics in a certain range on both sides of the river in the southern pre–mountain area have remained stable for many years, while significant changes have been observed in other areas.
- climate change /
- human activities /
- groundwater environment /
- groundwater level

HTML全文

图 1 研究区在黑河流域中的位置（a）及研究区范围图（b）

Figure 1.

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图 2 1953～2016年张掖站年均气温、降水量变化曲线

Figure 2.

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图 3 张掖站1953～2016年平均气温M–K统计量曲线

Figure 3.

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图 4 黑河干流出山径流量多年变化趋势线

Figure 4.

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图 5 研究区1990～2014年人工绿洲扩张图

Figure 5.

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图 6 研究区1985～2001年地下水水位变差图

Figure 6.

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图 7 研究区2001～2018年地下水水位变差图

Figure 7.

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图 8 电5号观测孔水位变化曲线

Figure 8.

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图 9 65号观测孔水位变化曲线

Figure 9.

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图 10 11号观测孔水位变化曲线

Figure 10.

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图 11 1985年研究区潜水水化学类型图

Figure 11.

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图 12 2016年研究区潜水水化学类型图

Figure 12.

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图 13 不同水化学类型潜水分布面积占比变化曲线

Figure 13.

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图 14 研究区北部细土平原区典型承压水监测井TDS值变化曲线

Figure 14.

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图 15 民乐县河流弃水量与山前地下水水位变化趋势线

Figure 15.

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