西藏孔隆乡地区典中组火山岩年代学、 地球化学特征及构造意义

廖驾; 戴亮亮; 陈澍民; 罗敏玄; 李新; 张涛; 吴丰; 聂小力

doi:10.12401/j.nwg.2023048

西藏孔隆乡地区典中组火山岩年代学、地球化学特征及构造意义

中国地质调查局长沙自然资源综合调查中心，湖南长沙　410600

基金项目: 中国地质调查局项目“西藏昂仁县北西H45E009009等4幅1∶5万区域地质矿产调查”（DD2016008003），“江南造山带中段幕阜山重点远景区金多金属矿产资源调查评价”（ZD20220309）联合资助。

详细信息

作者简介: 廖驾（1987−），男，高级工程师，从事基础地质、矿产勘查工作。E–mail：liaojia2143@163.com

通讯作者: 戴亮亮（1993−），男，工程师，从事基础地质、生态地质工作。E–mail：416396230@qq.com。

中图分类号: P597.3

收稿日期: 2022-09-17

修回日期: 2023-02-14

刊出日期: 2024-02-20

Chronology, Geochemistry and Geological Significance of Volcanic Rocks of Dianzhong Formation in Konglong Township Area, Xizang

Changsha General Survey of Natural Resources Center, Changsha 410600, Hunan, China

More Information

Corresponding author: DAI Liangliang, 416396230@qq.com

Received Date: 17 September 2022

Revised Date: 14 February 2023

Publish Date: 20 February 2024

摘要

摘要:
笔者对冈底斯中段孔隆乡地区典中组火山岩进行了年代学与地球化学研究。西藏孔隆乡地区典中组火山岩为一套酸性、弱铝质的高钾钙碱性岩石，富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K、U等，亏损高场强元素Nb、P和Ti，具有明显的壳源岩浆的特征，可能是地壳不同程度重熔作用的产物。根据该火山岩地球化学特征，推测其形成于火山弧构造环境，并且有向同碰撞及板内环境过渡的趋势。笔者获得流纹质凝灰岩样品的LA−ICP−MS锆石U−Pb年龄为（62.70±0.83）Ma，指示其形成时代为古近纪古新世。通过对比分析，该套火山岩喷发在冈底斯中西部要早于东部，印证了印度−亚洲大陆碰撞的穿时性这一观点。
- 火山岩 /
- 孔隆乡地区 /
- 典中组 /
- 锆石U−Pb年龄 /
- 地球化学
Abstract:
In this paper, the chronology and geochemistry of the volcanic rocks of the Dianzhong Formation in the Konglong Township area of the central Gangdise are studied. The volcanic rocks of the Dianzhong Formation in Konglong Township Xizang are is a set of acidic, peraluminous, high-potassium, calcium-alkaline rocks, which are rich in large ion lithophile elements(e.g., Rb, K, U), and are depleted of high field strength elements (e.g., Nb, P, Ti), showing obvious characteristics of crust-derived magma, which may be the product of different degrees of remelting of the earth's crust.According to the geochemical characteristics of this volcanic rock, it is speculated that it was formed in a volcanic arc structural environment and has a tendency to transition to syn-collision and intraplate environment. The study samples are all rhyolite tuffs, and one sample obtained LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age of 62.70±0.83 Ma, indicating that its formation age is the Paleogene Paleocene. Through comparative analysis, this set of volcanic rocks erupted earlier in the central and western Gangdise than in the east, confirming the view that the India-Asian collision is time-lapse.
- volcanic rocks /
- Konglong Township /
- Dianzhong Formation /
- zircon U−Pb age /
- geochemistry

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图 1 西藏孔隆乡地区地质简图（据朱弟成等，2006）

Figure 1.

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图 2 西藏孔隆乡地区典中组凝灰岩野外及镜下特征

Figure 2.

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图 3 西藏孔隆乡地区典中组凝灰岩锆石阴极发光图

Figure 3.

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图 4 样品P13DH6锆石U–Pb谐和图

Figure 4.

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图 5 西藏孔隆乡地区火山岩样品TAS分类图

Figure 5.

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图 6 K₂O–SiO₂ 图解（a）和A/NK–A/CNK图解（b）

Figure 6.

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图 7 典中组火山岩原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图（a）和球粒陨石稀土元素配分图（b）

Figure 7.

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图 8 林子宗群火山岩分布简图

Figure 8.

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图 9 典中组火山岩部分熔融与分离结晶作用图解

Figure 9.

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图 10 典中组火山岩Y+Nb–Rb构造图解

Figure 10.

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表 1 典中组凝灰岩（P13DH6）LA–ICP–MS 锆石U–Pb定年结果统计表

Table 1. LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb dating Results of Dianzhong Formation tuff （P13DH6）

点号	含量（10⁻⁶）			Th/U	同位素比值						年龄（Ma）
点号	Pb	Th	U	Th/U	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb	（±1 σ）	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	（±1 σ）	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	（±1 σ）	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb	（±1 σ）	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	（±1 σ）	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	（±1 σ）
P13DH6-01	4.6	287.2	372.7	0.77	0.0467	0.0022	0.0610	0.0028	0.0095	0.0002	31.6	111.1	60.1	2.7	61.2	1.0
P13DH6-02	5.4	307.2	429.7	0.71	0.0506	0.0022	0.0694	0.0028	0.0100	0.0001	220.4	98.1	68.1	2.7	64.2	0.9
P13DH6-03	1.9	129.9	145.8	0.89	0.0484	0.0027	0.0668	0.0042	0.0100	0.0002	116.8	125.9	65.7	4.0	63.9	1.5
P13DH6-04	4.9	241.6	426.8	0.57	0.0509	0.0018	0.0656	0.0023	0.0094	0.0002	239.0	81.5	64.5	2.2	60.3	1.1
P13DH6-06	2.7	189.8	204.0	0.93	0.0513	0.0027	0.0701	0.0035	0.0100	0.0002	257.5	120.4	68.8	3.3	64.2	1.2
P13DH6-07	7.5	240.2	630.3	0.38	0.0470	0.0015	0.0691	0.0024	0.0107	0.0002	50.1	77.8	67.9	2.3	68.6	1.3
P13DH6-08	1.3	86.4	103.9	0.83	0.0497	0.0040	0.0672	0.0052	0.0099	0.0002	189.0	177.8	66.0	5.0	63.5	1.4
P13DH6-09	3.6	211.8	291.0	0.73	0.0481	0.0023	0.0647	0.0033	0.0098	0.0002	105.6	107.4	63.7	3.1	63.2	1.5
P13DH6-10	5.0	240.5	424.6	0.57	0.0472	0.0020	0.0631	0.0028	0.0097	0.0002	57.5	96.3	62.2	2.6	62.3	1.1
P13DH6-11	2.9	187.4	212.2	0.88	0.0517	0.0031	0.0711	0.0039	0.0101	0.0002	272.3	169.4	69.7	3.7	64.6	1.3
P13DH6-12	2.4	113.9	195.9	0.58	0.0528	0.0040	0.0738	0.0060	0.0102	0.0002	320.4	143.5	72.3	5.6	65.3	1.4
P13DH6-13	2.8	202.4	223.9	0.90	0.0525	0.0022	0.0693	0.0028	0.0097	0.0002	305.6	130.5	68.0	2.6	62.0	1.1
P13DH6-14	4.7	261.7	401.5	0.65	0.0504	0.0020	0.0649	0.0028	0.0094	0.0002	213.0	92.6	63.9	2.7	60.2	1.1
P13DH6-15	2.9	161.5	238.8	0.68	0.0515	0.0024	0.0678	0.0028	0.0097	0.0002	264.9	107.4	66.6	2.7	62.0	1.4
P13DH6-16	2.2	120.8	165.4	0.73	0.0522	0.0025	0.0707	0.0034	0.0099	0.0002	300.1	145.4	69.3	3.3	63.3	1.1
P13DH6-17	4.9	238.6	417.2	0.57	0.0510	0.0021	0.0670	0.0030	0.0095	0.0002	239.0	100.9	65.8	2.8	61.2	1.3
P13DH6-18	2.2	164.8	153.5	1.07	0.0525	0.0042	0.0715	0.0057	0.0099	0.0002	305.6	185.2	70.1	5.4	63.7	1.3
注：测试单位为南京宏创地质勘查技术服务有限公司；测试时间为2017年。

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表 2 孔隆地区典中组火山岩的主量元素（%）、微量和稀土元素（10⁻⁶）分析结果表

Table 2. Whole–rock geochemical data of Dianzhong Formation volcanic rocks in Konglong area

编号	P13DH1	P13DH2	P13DH3	P13DH4	P13DH5	P13DH6
岩性	凝灰岩	凝灰岩	凝灰岩	凝灰岩	凝灰岩	凝灰岩
SiO₂	76.26	75.34	75.22	75.78	74.81	78.14
TiO₂	0.25	0.35	0.34	0.26	0.15	0.11
Al₂O₃	11.83	12.28	12.28	11.94	12.53	11.92
Fe₂O₃	2.10	2.29	2.35	2.09	2.65	1.52
MnO	0.04	0.03	0.02	0.05	0.07	0.03
MgO	0.14	0.16	0.15	0.20	0.12	0.17
CaO	0.32	0.40	0.39	0.35	0.32	0.16
Na₂O	4.23	4.35	4.40	4.42	4.45	2.81
K₂O	3.86	3.71	3.77	3.68	3.87	4.52
P₂O₅	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.06	0.05	0.03
LOI	0.47	0.57	0.55	0.50	0.52	1.01
Total	100.09	100.19	100.13	99.91	100.13	100.42
K+Na	8.09	8.05	8.16	8.10	8.32	7.33
K/Na	0.91	0.85	0.86	0.83	0.87	1.61
Ti	1491	2086	2027	1550	894	677
K	32057	30787	31289	30561	32124	37513
P	221	177	177	273	199	122
A/CNK	1.01	1.03	1.02	1.00	1.04	1.61
A/NK	1.06	1.10	1.09	1.06	1.09	1.21
AR	4.99	4.48	4.62	4.87	4.67	2.74
SI	1.33	1.48	1.38	1.89	1.06	1.9
δ43	1.97	2.01	2.07	2.00	2.17	1.53
La	41.00	35.20	36.50	38.00	35.60	28.93
Ce	88.40	76.60	76.30	84.80	74.90	54.68
Pr	9.37	8.64	8.63	8.50	8.51	6.64

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续表2
编号	P13DH1	P13DH2	P13DH3	P13DH4	P13DH5	P13DH6
岩性	凝灰岩	凝灰岩	凝灰岩	凝灰岩	凝灰岩	凝灰岩
Nd	33.40	33.80	30.30	30.60	34.90	24.04
Sm	5.60	5.88	5.61	5.57	5.91	5.29
Eu	0.92	1.01	0.90	0.97	0.94	0.52
Gd	4.68	5.32	5.24	4.90	5.26	4.90
Tb	0.57	0.71	0.75	0.66	0.70	0.84
Dy	2.75	3.90	3.95	3.37	4.03	5.01
Ho	0.46	0.75	0.78	0.61	0.79	1.06
Er	1.30	2.34	2.48	1.78	2.42	3.13
Tm	0.22	0.40	0.43	0.29	0.42	0.48
Yb	1.36	2.29	2.24	1.64	2.46	3.08
Lu	0.25	0.44	0.44	0.30	0.43	0.46
ΣREE	190	177	174	181	177	139
LREE	178	161	158	168	160	120
HREE	11.59	16.15	16.31	13.55	16.51	18.96
LREE/HREE	15.42	9.98	9.70	12.44	9.74	6.34
δEu	0.53	0.54	0.50	0.56	0.51	0.31
δCe	1.06	1.05	1.02	1.11	1.02	0.93
（La/Yb）_N	21.62	11.03	11.69	16.62	10.38	6.74
Sc	5.15	5.87	5.27	5.28	6.34	3.79
V	8.42	7.33	5.38	6.66	5.71	9.94
Cr	＜5	＜5	8.50	＜5	5.90	16.21
Co	10.90	11.80	8.80	14.00	9.28	0.83
Ni	4.99	4.48	4.62	4.87	4.67	1.18
Rb	80.10	87.10	88.90	78.10	81.60	166.37
Sr	94.40	118.00	118.00	97.40	119.00	50.91
Y	13.00	21.20	22.20	18.40	21.10	29.96
Zr	198	208	197	203	200	106
Nb	6.65	8.80	9.15	7.02	8.70	9.54
Ba	871	852	888	842	922	396
Hf	1.77	2.38	2.44	1.98	2.36	3.58
Ta	0.69	0.84	0.86	0.64	0.87	0.92
Pb	11.80	12.90	11.60	22.20	13.80	23.47
Th	14.70	14.50	15.20	13.50	14.70	18.90
U	1.48	2.01	2.16	1.54	2.07	3.12
Li	16.30	20.50	21.00	15.20	20.60	20.80
Cu	2.48	2.62	3.11	2.05	3.87	1.13
Zn	31.30	21.60	19.80	104.00	20.10	39.86
W	110	120	90	134	93.8	1.44
Sb	0.34	0.42	0.44	0.17	0.38	1.03
注：测试单位为核工业二三〇研究所；测试时间为2017年。

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