Ecological System Service Value Assessment and Improving Countermeasures in Ningxia Yellow River Ecological Economic Zone
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摘要:
宁夏沿黄生态经济区是自治区各种生产要素最为集中的地区，其生态系统服务价值显得尤为重要。笔者采用修正当量因子法估算了5大生态系统11种生态系统服务价值，明确生态系统服务价值内部结构、时空分布特征及变化趋势，提出价值提升的对策建议，服务黄河流域宁夏段生态保护与高质量发展先行区建设。结果表明：经济区生态系统服务价值呈现出“中间高，四周低；盆地和山区高，荒漠和丘陵低”的空间分布特征；生态系统服务功能以水文调节、气候调节、水资源供给和气体调节服务为主，所占比重分别为59.07%、8.97%、5.02%、4.91%；生态系统服务价值呈增长趋势，与经济发展速度相比仍处于低协调度状态，下一步应在保护生态功能，兼顾美学价值的前提下，加强荒漠和丘陵地带的光伏、风能等清洁能源发展，提升生态系统服务价值。
Abstract:The various production factors of the autonomous region are concentrated in the Ningxia Yellow River Economic Zone. Ecosystem service value of it is more and more significant than ever. Taking the Ningxia Yellow River Economic Zone for example, based on the platform of ArcGIS, this paper adopts the equivalent factor method to estimate the value of 11 ecological service functions for 6 major ecosystems, and clarifies the internal structure, temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and trends of ecosystem service value, then puts forward ecological protection countermeasures to serve the ecological protection and high–quality development of the leading areas in Ningxia section of the Yellow River Basin. The results show that the ecosystem service value is high in the middle and low in the margin of the economic zone, high in the basins and mountains, low in the deserts and hilly area. The amount order of ecosystem services the value is regulation service value > supply service value > support service value > aesthetic value; ecosystem services are mainly dominated by hydrological regulation, climate regulation, water supply and air regulation services, accounting for 59.07%, 8.97%, 5.02% and 4.91%, respectively. In general, ecological services value shows an increasing trend, but compared with the speed of economic development, it is still in a state of low coordination. In the next step, under the premise of protecting ecological functions by taking into account the aesthetic value, the clean energy such as solar and wind energy in the desert and hilly areas should be strengthened to enhance the ecological value for the low ecosystem service value region and fragile ecological areas.
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表 1 单位面积生态系统服务价值当量统计表（万元/hm2·a）
Table 1. Equicalent factor table of ecosystem service value （104 yuan/hm2.a）
生态系统 供给服务 调节服务 支持服务 文化服务 食物
生产原料
生产水资
源供给气体
调节气候
调节净化
环境水文
调节水土
保持维持
养分循环生物
多样性美学
景观旱地 0.5485 0.2581 0.0060 0.4323 0.2323 0.0645 0.0804 1.0300 0.0774 0.0839 0.0387 针阔混交 0.2000 0.4581 0.1102 1.5164 4.5363 1.2841 1.0451 2.8600 0.1420 1.6777 0.7356 灌木 0.1226 0.2775 0.0655 0.9098 2.7295 0.8259 0.9974 1.7200 0.0839 1.0131 0.4452 草原 0.0645 0.0903 0.0238 0.3291 0.8647 0.2839 0.2918 0.6200 0.0323 0.3614 0.1613 水系 0.5162 0.1484 2.4683 0.4969 1.4777 3.5813 30.4410 0.9300 0.0452 1.6454 1.2196 湿地 0.3291 0.3226 0.7711 1.2260 2.3230 2.3230 7.2142 2.3100 0.1161 5.0783 3.0521 荒漠 0.0065 0.0194 0.0060 0.0710 0.0645 0.2000 0.0625 0.1300 0.0065 0.0774 0.0323 裸地 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0129 0.0000 0.0645 0.0089 0.0200 0.0000 0.0129 0.0065 
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