A Method for Optimizing Territorial Space Planning of Mountain Towns Based on Geological Hazard Risk Assessment
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摘要:
以山西省乡宁县城区扇子坪–崔家坡段为例，将“木桶效应”理论与地质灾害风险“点面双控”体系相结合，提出了一种基于地质灾害风险评价的国土空间规划优化方法。该方法以1∶1万地质灾害风险评价为基础，结合地质灾害风险“点面双控”体系，将坡度、河流距、地质灾害风险分区以及地质灾害隐患点致灾范围作为“木桶效应”中的短板因子，按照等级从高到低依次为严控开发区、适度开发区和优先开发区的先后顺序进行分级赋值，将同一地块内各短板因子的最高等级值作为该地块的国土空间规划优化结果值。结果表明，研究区内的严控开发区占比26.67%，适度开发区占比54.81%，优先开发区占比18.52%，从理论上说明了研究区以优先开发区和适度开发区为主，具有较大的开发潜力。文中提出的优化方法能够便捷高效地完成大比例尺山区城镇国土空间规划，研究成果可为类似地区开展国土空间规划提供参考依据。
Abstract:Taking Fanziping–Cuijiapo section of Xiangning County, Shanxi Province as an example, a method of optimizing territorial spatial planning based on geological hazard risk assessment is proposed by combining “barrel effect” theory with “double–control of point and zone” system of geological disaster risk. This method is based on 1∶10,000 geological disaster risk assessment and combined with “double–control of point and zone” system of geological disaster risk, taking slope, river distance, geological disaster risk zoning and disaster range of geological disaster hidden danger point as the short board factors in the barrel effect. According to the order of strictly controlled development zone, moderate development zone and priority development zone from high to low, the highest grade value of each weakness factor in the same plot is taken as the result value of optimizing
territorial space planning of the plot. The results show that strictly controlled development zones in the study area account for 26.67%, moderate development zones account for 54.81%, and priority development zones account for 18.52%. Theoretically, it shows that the study area is dominated by priority development zones and moderate development zones, which has great development potential. The proposed optimization method can conveniently and effectively complete territorial space planning in large scale mountainous areas, and the research results can provide a reference for similar areas to carry out territorial space planning.
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图 1 承灾体与滑塌源区的距离示意图（据Hungr，2005修改）
Figure 1.
表 1 短板因子取值统计表
Table 1. Short board factors value statistical table
序号 短板因子 分级条件 优化分区 1 坡度 >35° 严控开发区 10°～35° 适度开发区 其他 优先开发区 2 河流距 干流缓冲区<50 m或
支流缓冲区<20 m严控开发区 干流缓冲区介于50～300 m或
支流缓冲区介于20～100 m优先开发区 其他 适度开发区 3 地质灾害
风险分区极高、高风险区 严控开发区 中风险区 适度开发区 低风险区 优先开发区 4 地质灾害
隐患点致
灾范围ψ角之内（灾害发生后滑塌体必然到达的最远区域） 严控开发区 ψ角之外α角之内（灾害发生后滑塌体必然到达的最远距离与灾害发生后滑塌体可能到达的最远距离之间的区域） 适度开发区 α角之外（其他区域） 优先开发区 
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