The Augaro Arc-type Granite in the Nubia Shield, Western Eritrea: Petrogenesis and Implications for Neoproterozoic Geodynamic Evolution of the East African Orogen
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摘要:
东非造山带是东西冈瓦纳大陆的拼合带，详细解剖其形成演化过程对深入理解超大陆旋回具有重要意义。笔者报道了厄立特里亚西部Augaro地区Meraf花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄、全岩地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成，以研究其成因及其对东非造山带新元古代构造演化的指示意义。LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年结果为（875±6） Ma，形成于新元古代拉伸纪。Meraf花岗岩具有高硅、钙碱性、过铝质特征，稀土元素配分曲线总体右倾，LREE富集，HREE相对亏损，弱Eu负异常(δEu=0.70~0.91)，富集Ba、Rb、K等大离子亲石元素，相对亏损Ta、Nb、Ti等高场强元素，属于岛弧性质I型花岗岩。εHf(t)值为正(7.7~9.9)，ISr值较低(0.70200~0.70273)，εNd(t)值为4.85~6.06。结合微量元素特征，说明Meraf花岗岩为俯冲洋壳板片脱水交代上覆地幔楔并使其部分熔融的产物，指示区内大陆裂解和莫桑比克洋形成早于875 Ma。
Abstract:The East African orogen is a collisional collage belt of East Gondwana and West Gondwana. A deep study of the evolution of the orogenic belt is of great significance for understanding the supercontinent cycles. Zircon LA-ICP MS U–Pb ages and Hf isotopic compositions, whole rock major and trace elements and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of the Meraf granite within the Augaro, west Eritrea, are reported in this paper to study the petrogenesis and implications for the Neoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the East African orogenic belt. LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb dating of the Meraf granite yields magmatic crystallization age of (875±6) Ma. The Meraf granite has geochemistry patterns resembling those of Arc-type granite, with high-SiO2, calc-alkaline and peraluminous, and enriched in LREE and LILE such as Ba, Rb, K, relatively depleted in HREE and HFSE such as Ta, Nb, Ti, with weak Eu negative anomalies (δEu= 0.70-0.91). Combined with the positive εHf (t) (7.7~9.9), low initial 87Sr/86Sr (0.70200~0.70273), and remarkable εNd(t) values (4.85~6.06), the Meraf granite is supposed to be the product of partial melting of the mantle wedge triggered by dehydration of the subducting oceanic plate. Together with widespread Neoproterozoic arc-type granites in the East African orogen, the break-up of Supercontinent and formation of Mozambique oceanic are believed to predate the 875Ma.
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Key words:
- geochemistry /
- arc-type granite /
- zircon U-Pb dating /
- Neoproterozoic /
- east african orogen
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图 4 Meraf花岗岩锆石年龄谐和图（a）和REE配分模式图（b）标准化值（据Sun et al., 1989）
Figure 4.
图 6 Meraf花岗岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化分布图（a）和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图（b）（标准化值据Sun et al.，1989）
Figure 6.
表 1 厄立特里亚西部花岗岩锆石U-Pb同位素测试结果表
Table 1. Zircon U-Pb isotope results of granites from western Eritrea
点号 232Th（×10−6） 238U（×10−6） Th/U 同位素比值 年龄（Ma） 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ D0804-b02 - 1 124 155 0.80 0.0724 0.0008 1.4477 0.0341 0.1451 0.0030 909 14 874 17 D0804-b02 - 3 89.5 108 0.83 0.0704 0.0011 1.4180 0.0358 0.1454 0.0026 897 15 875 14 D0804-b02 - 5 142 160 0.88 0.0680 0.0008 1.3551 0.0218 0.1447 0.0022 870 9 871 12 D0804-b02 - 6 119 139 0.85 0.0693 0.0009 1.3954 0.0267 0.1460 0.0026 887 11 879 15 D0804-b02 - 7 33.1 73.4 0.45 0.0689 0.0011 1.3837 0.0299 0.1458 0.0026 882 13 877 15 D0804-b02 - 8 120 190 0.63 0.0676 0.0010 1.3548 0.0260 0.1459 0.0028 870 11 878 16 D0804-b02 - 9 77.3 139 0.56 0.0672 0.0011 1.3579 0.0297 0.1467 0.0028 871 13 882 16 D0804-b02 - 10 74.1 106 0.70 0.0680 0.0010 1.3728 0.0273 0.1462 0.0024 877 12 880 13 D0804-b02 - 11 118 123 0.96 0.0682 0.0010 1.3624 0.0255 0.1446 0.0020 873 11 870 11 D0804-b02 - 12 52.2 94.9 0.55 0.0693 0.0009 1.3841 0.0272 0.1446 0.0025 882 12 871 14 D0804-b02 - 13 56.6 112 0.50 0.0689 0.0010 1.3845 0.0296 0.1457 0.0027 882 13 877 15 D0804-b02 - 16 71.3 104 0.69 0.0684 0.0009 1.3755 0.0250 0.1457 0.0023 879 11 877 13 D0804-b02 - 18 53.8 77.3 0.70 0.0687 0.0009 1.3802 0.0242 0.1458 0.0023 881 10 877 13 D0804-b02 - 19 79.1 120 0.66 0.0674 0.0008 1.3573 0.0251 0.1459 0.0024 871 11 878 13 D0804-b02 - 21 74.4 141 0.53 0.0681 0.0008 1.3656 0.0221 0.1451 0.0017 874 10 873 9 D0804-b02 - 23 224 301 0.74 0.0720 0.0008 1.4419 0.0263 0.1446 0.0019 906 11 871 11 D0804-b02 - 24 105 125 0.84 0.0677 0.0010 1.3498 0.0226 0.1448 0.0019 867 10 872 11 D0804-b02 - 25 110 194 0.57 0.0678 0.0007 1.3707 0.0218 0.1464 0.0022 876 9 881 12 
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表 2 厄立特里亚西部花岗岩主量（%）、微量和稀土（10–6）元素测试结果表
Table 2. Major (%), trace and rare earth (10–6) elements results of granites from western Eritrea
样号 D0408-b02（Y） D0408-b04 D0408-b05 D0408-b06 SiO2 74.92 71.13 75.26 74.17 Al2O3 13.38 14.03 13.52 14.42 TiO2 0.26 0.32 0.27 0.33 Fe2O3 1.18 1.3 1.46 1.58 FeO 0.61 0.97 0.37 0.61 FeOT 1.67 2.14 1.68 2.03 MnO 0.02 0.05 0.04 0.03 MgO 0.54 0.84 0.56 0.62 CaO 0.96 1.97 0.29 0.24 Na2O 4.05 3.8 3.28 4.16 K2O 2.39 2.76 3.77 2.55 P2O5 0.06 0.10 0.08 0.07 烧失量 1.55 2.63 1.02 1.2 总量 99.91 99.90 99.92 99.97 Na2O+K2O 6.44 6.56 7.05 6.71 Na2O/K2O 1.69 1.38 0.87 1.63 FeOT/MgO 3.10 2.56 3.01 3.29 A/NK 1.45 1.52 1.43 1.50 A/CNK 1.22 1.09 1.35 1.44 Li 2.87 5.06 4.73 4.73 Be 1.18 1.25 1.34 1.28 Sc 1.94 3.45 7.11 3.15 V 17.1 26.6 17.8 25.6 Cr 5.96 8.64 7.68 7.16 Co 2.79 4.92 3.60 3.64 Ni 6.36 8.67 7.66 9.46 Ga 21.4 19.5 25.1 21.8 Rb 47.2 54.8 67.7 48.5 Sr 186 266 188 212 Y 12.7 11.1 10.7 14.2 Zr 165 205 188 222 Nb 3.97 3.90 4.56 4.54 Cs 0.39 0.60 0.50 0.56 Ba 766 634 1010 764 La 21.6 12.7 11.1 16.6 Ce 51.7 26.3 25.1 39.3 Pr 5.62 3.44 3.17 4.18 Nd 21.0 13.8 12.4 16.2 Sm 3.70 2.73 2.45 3.12 Eu 0.78 0.76 0.68 0.73 Gd 3.10 2.37 2.14 2.80 Tb 0.47 0.39 0.36 0.46 Dy 2.60 2.31 2.23 2.84 Ho 0.53 0.48 0.47 0.58 Er 1.52 1.35 1.38 1.69 Tm 0.25 0.22 0.24 0.28 Yb 1.78 1.55 1.66 1.96 Lu 0.27 0.23 0.25 0.28 Hf 4.20 4.82 4.75 5.43 Ta 0.38 0.35 0.47 0.46 Pb 8.98 7.81 8.87 8.96 Th 5.99 4.79 7.18 5.73 U 1.37 1.19 1.57 1.54 LREE 104.40 59.73 54.90 80.13 HREE 23.22 20.00 19.43 25.09 REE 127.62 79.73 74.33 105.22 LREE/HREE 4.50 2.99 2.83 3.19 La/Sm 5.84 4.65 4.53 5.32 Gd/Yb 1.74 1.53 1.29 1.43 (La/Yb)N 8.70 5.88 4.80 6.08 δEu 0.70 0.91 0.91 0.76 δCe 1.15 0.98 1.04 1.16
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表 3 厄立特里亚西部花岗岩锆石Hf同位素测试结果表
Table 3. Zircon Hf isotope results of granites from western Eritrea
点号 176Hf/177Hf 1σ 176Lu/177Hf 1σ 176Yb/177Hf 1σ 年龄 （Ma） εHf（0） εHf（t） TDM1 TDM2 fLu/Hf D0408-b02 - 1 0.282511 0.000015 0.001569 0.000021 0.049342 0.000577 874 −9.2 9.2 1063 1134 −0.95 D0408-b02 - 3 0.282473 0.000017 0.001392 0.000022 0.040320 0.000820 875 −10.6 8.0 1113 1203 −0.96 D0408-b02 - 4 0.282509 0.000014 0.001960 0.000017 0.056534 0.000479 871 −9.3 8.8 1078 1152 −0.94 D0408-b02 - 5 0.282477 0.000014 0.001786 0.000013 0.050718 0.000462 879 −10.4 8.0 1119 1207 −0.95 D0408-b02 - 6 0.282455 0.000013 0.000699 0.000004 0.020135 0.000087 877 −11.2 7.8 1118 1215 −0.98 D0408-b02 - 7 0.282491 0.000014 0.001554 0.000007 0.045299 0.000297 878 −10.0 8.6 1093 1173 −0.95 D0408-b02 - 8 0.282487 0.000016 0.001637 0.000005 0.046273 0.000141 880 −10.1 8.4 1101 1183 −0.95 D0408-b02 - 9 0.282506 0.000012 0.001285 0.000005 0.036654 0.000233 882 −9.4 9.4 1063 1132 −0.96 D0408-b02 - 10 0.282479 0.000014 0.001221 0.000015 0.037185 0.000438 870 −10.4 8.2 1099 1188 −0.96 D0408-b02 - 11 0.282468 0.000013 0.001402 0.000006 0.039755 0.000083 871 −10.8 7.7 1121 1215 −0.96 D0408-b02 - 12 0.282521 0.000015 0.002271 0.000033 0.065457 0.000898 877 −8.9 9.2 1070 1137 −0.93 D0408-b02 - 15 0.282485 0.000017 0.001789 0.000003 0.050721 0.000205 877 −10.1 8.2 1108 1192 −0.95 D0408-b02 - 17 0.282483 0.000013 0.001226 0.000010 0.035902 0.000355 877 −10.2 8.4 1095 1179 −0.96 D0408-b02 - 18 0.282485 0.000015 0.001925 0.000014 0.055076 0.000422 878 −10.2 8.1 1112 1197 −0.94 D0408-b02 - 21 0.282476 0.000016 0.001765 0.000007 0.050625 0.000366 871 −10.5 7.8 1120 1212 −0.95 D0408-b02 - 22 0.282537 0.000013 0.001803 0.000016 0.057800 0.000587 872 −8.3 9.9 1034 1093 −0.95 D0408-b02 - 23 0.282475 0.000014 0.001569 0.000004 0.047910 0.000194 881 −10.5 8.1 1115 1203 −0.95
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表 4 厄立特里亚西部花岗岩全岩Sr-Nd同位素测试结果表
Table 4. Whole rock Sr-Nd isotope results of granites from western Eritrea
样品编号 Rb（10−6） Sr（10−6） 87Rb/86Sr 87Sr/86Sr 2σ ISr εSr（0） εSr（t） fRb/Sr D0408-b02（Y） 47.2 186 0.7348 0.71158 0.000007 0.70239 100.5 −15.3 7.89 D0408-b04 54.8 266 0.5966 0.710074 0.000008 0.70261 79.1 −12.2 6.21 D0408-b05 67.7 188 1.0427 0.71504 0.000005 0.70200 149.6 −20.8 11.61 D0408-b06 48.5 212 0.6625 0.711018 0.000011 0.70273 92.5 −10.5 7.01 样品编号 Sm（10−6） Nd（10−6） 147Sm/144Nd 143Nd/144Nd 2σ INd εNd（t） T2DM fSm/Nd D0408-b02（Y） 3.7 21 0.1065 0.512387 0.000007 0.511776 5.22 1111 −0.46 D0408-b04 2.73 13.8 0.1196 0.512505 0.000005 0.511819 6.06 1043 −0.39 D0408-b05 2.45 12.4 0.1195 0.512443 0.000004 0.511757 4.85 1141 −0.39 D0408-b06 3.12 16.2 0.1164 0.512449 0.000007 0.511781 5.32 1103 −0.41
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