Tectonic and Sedimentary Evolution and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Outeniqua Basin, South Africa
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摘要:
南非奥特尼夸盆地油气勘探程度非常低，2019年与2020年连续的天然气大发现吸引了国内外油气公司广泛关注。基于IHS数据库、新项目评价及文献等资料，综合分析表明：奥特尼夸盆地经历了二叠纪以来的前裂谷、同裂谷、过渡期和裂谷后4个演化阶段；主要沉积了裂谷期陆相碎屑岩及过渡期–裂谷后的海相碎屑岩。盆地主力烃源岩为豪特里维阶和巴雷姆–阿普特阶海相页岩；发育了同裂谷期凡兰吟阶顶部浅海相砂岩和漂移早期阿尔比阶海相深水碎屑岩两套重要的储集层，储盖组合条件优越；共形成了巴雷姆–阿尔比阶砂岩、凡兰吟−豪特里维阶砂岩、上侏罗统−下白垩统砂岩和基底4套成藏组合。油气分布呈“西多东少”格局，目前应以Bredasdorp次盆大陆边缘深水区白垩系透镜状浊积砂岩为勘探重点。
Abstract:The degree of oil and gas exploration of Outeniqua Basin in South Africa is extremely low. The successive natural gas discoveries in 2019 and 2020 attracted extensive attention from oil and gas companies at home and abroad. Based on IHS database, assessment results of new ventures and literatures, comprehensive analysis shows that: The Outeniqua Basin experienced four evolutionary stages since the Permian period: pre-rift stage, syn-rift stage, transitional stage and post-rift stage; It mainly deposited continental clastic rocks in rift stage and marine clastic rocks in transitional stage and post-rift stage; The main source rocks in the basin are the marine shale of the Hauterivian period and Barremian-Aptian period; Two sets of important reservoirs, namely, the shallow marine sandstone at the top of the Valanginian in the syn-rift stage and the marine deep-water clastic rock of the Albian during the early drift period are developed, and the reservoir-seal combination conditions are superior; Four sets of reservoir-forming assemblages (plays) are formed, including Barremian-Albian sandstone, Valanginian-Hauterivian sandstone, Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous sandstone and basement; The distribution of oil and gas is "more in the west and fewer in the east". At present, the exploration focus should be on Cretaceous lenticular turbidite sandstone in deep-water area of the continental margin of the Bredasdorp Sub-basin.
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Key words:
- Outeniqua basin /
- South Africa /
- giant gas field /
- deep water /
- play /
- turbidite sandstone
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图 3 奥特尼夸盆地不同构造位置剖面图（据IHS Energy，2021修）
Figure 3.
图 4 奥特尼夸盆地综合柱状图（据IHS Energy，2021修）
Figure 4.
图 5 奥特尼夸盆地重点时期岩相古地理图（据IHS Energy，2021修）
Figure 5.
图 6 奥特尼夸盆地不同时期Ro分布图（据IHS Energy，2021修）
Figure 6.
图 8 奥特尼夸盆地主要次盆成藏模式图（据文献Tellus, 2022修）
Figure 8.
表 1 奥特尼夸盆地烃源岩特征统计表
Table 1. Statistical table of source rock characteristics in Outeniqua basin
烃源岩地层 岩性 沉积相 干酪根 TOC(%) HI(mg /g) 上侏罗统 泥岩 湖相 I/II 1～4.3，平均2.5 平均300 豪特里维阶 页岩 深海 II/III 最大超4，平均2.8 400～500 巴雷姆-阿普特阶 页岩 深海 I/II 2.5～3.5，平均3 160～350，平均250 土仑阶 页岩 深海 I/II — — 
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