Source of ore Forming Materials and Genesis of Zhupogou Gold Deposit in West Qinling Mountains
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摘要:
猪婆沟金矿位于西秦岭之北秦岭鸳鸯镇–关子镇蛇绿混杂岩带的 反“S”形构造的转折端，金矿体赋存在早古生代李子园群中，矿体的产出受NW向和NE向韧性断裂及其次级构造控制，矿体形态为脉状。矿床热液期主成矿阶段石英中包裹体主要为气液两相包裹体、含子晶三相包裹体。含子晶三相包裹体的冰点温度为−4.8～−4.3℃；气液两相包裹体的冰点温度为−5.3～−0.1℃。该阶段含子晶三相包裹体的均一温度为141.3～198.6℃，平均为160.7℃；气液两相包裹体的均一温度为128.9～285.3℃，平均为174.1℃。成矿流体的均一温度值为130～170℃，峰值范围较宽。流体盐度为1.40～8.28% NaCleqv，平均为5.84% NaCleqv，具有中低温、低盐度特征；石英δ18OH2O值为−3.29‰～4.42 ‰，δD值为−110.1‰～−86.6 ‰，成矿流体来源于原生岩浆水，在岩浆分异成矿的过程中，大气降水的含量逐渐增多。主成矿阶段黄铁矿和毒砂δ34S值为10.7‰～11.5‰，矿物质分别来源于岩浆岩和地层；Pb同位素组成相似，主要来源于造山带铅，有部分上地壳铅和地幔铅加入，成矿物质来源于岩浆岩和地层两个端元，具有多期次特征。综合分析认为，猪婆沟金矿成因类型属沉积变质−岩浆期后热液叠加改造的构造蚀变岩型金矿床。
Abstract:Zhupogou gold deposit is located at the turning end of the anti "s" shaped structure of the Yuanyang town Guanzi town Ophiolitic Melange belt in the north of the West Qinling Mountains. The gold deposit is hosted in the early Paleozoic Liziyuan group. The occurrence of the ore body is controlled by NW and NE trending ductile faults and their secondary structures, and the shape of the ore body is vein. The inclusions in quartz in the main metallogenic stage of the hydrothermal period of the deposit are mainly gas-liquid two-phase inclusions and three-phase inclusions containing daughter crystals. The freezing point temperature range of three-phase inclusions containing daughter crystals is −4.8～−4.3 ℃; The freezing point temperature of gas-liquid two-phase inclusions ranges from −5.3 to −0.1 ℃. At this stage, the homogenization temperature of three-phase inclusions containing daughter crystals is in the range of 141.3～198.6 ℃, with an average of 160.7 ℃; The gas-liquid two-phase inclusions are in the range of 128.9～285.3 ℃, with an average of 174.1 ℃. The homogenization temperature of ore-forming fluid is 130～170 ℃, and the peak range is wide. Fluid salinity is 1.40%～8.28% Nacleqv, average 5.84% NaCleqv. It has the characteristics of medium low temperature and low salinity; quartz δ18OH2O is −3.29‰～4.42‰, δD is −110.1‰～−86.6‰, and the ore-forming fluid comes from primary magma water. In the process of magmatic differentiation and mineralization, the content of atmospheric precipitation gradually increases. Pyrite and arsenopyrite in the main metallogenic stage δ34S value is 10.7‰～11.5‰, and the minerals are derived from magmatic rocks and strata respectively; Pb isotopic composition is similar, mainly from the orogenic belt, with some upper crust lead and mantle lead added. The metallogenic material comes from the two end elements of magmatic rock and stratum. Comprehensive analysis shows that the genetic type of Zhupogou gold deposit belongs to the tectonic altered rock type gold deposit of sedimentary metamorphism post magmatic hydrothermal superimposition.
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表 1 猪婆沟金矿床H–O同位素测试样品采样信息表
Table 1. sampling information of H–O isotope test samples of Zhupogou gold deposit
样品号 成矿阶段 岩石/矿物 矿石类型 采样位置 ZK2702-1 II 石英 蚀变岩型 Ⅰ-2矿体 ZBGB01-2 II 石英 ZBGB03-2 II 石英 ZBGB04-2 II 石英 ZBGB05-2 III 石英 块状硫化物型 Ⅰ-10矿体 ZBGB05-3 III 石英 ZBGB06-2 III 石英 ZBGB06-4 III 石英 ZBGB07-2 III 石英 
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表 2 猪婆沟金矿床流体包裹体H–O同位素组成表（‰）
Table 2. H–O isotopic composition of fluid inclusions in Zhupogou gold deposit (‰)
样品号 成矿
阶段岩性 δDV-SMOW δOV-SMOW T（℃） δ18OH2O ZK2702-1 II 石英 −101.7 15.6 208.4 4.42 ZBGB01-2 II 石英 −110.1 13.8 196.9 1.90 ZBGB03-2 II 石英 −102.7 13.1 196.9 1.20 ZBGB04-2 II 石英 −98.1 12.7 196.9 0.80 ZBGB05-2 III 石英 −86.8 13.1 196.9 1.20 ZBGB05-3 III 石英 −95.1 16 196.9 4.10 ZBGB06-2 III 石英 −90.7 11.6 156.7 −3.29 ZBGB06-4 III 石英 −97.9 13 156.7 −1.89 ZBGB07-2 III 石英 −86.6 14 208.4 2.82 注：δ18OH2O为计算值，石英-水：1000ln = δ18O含水矿物−δ18OH2O = 3.38×106T−2−3.4（郑永飞，2000）。
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表 3 猪婆沟金矿床岩矿石及硫化物采样信息和S同位素组成表
Table 3. Sampling information and S isotopic composition of ore and sulfide in Zhupogou gold deposit
样品原号 采样介质 矿物 δ34SV-CDT（‰） ZBGB01-3 二长花岗岩 黄铁矿 10.8 ZBGB03-3 二长花岗岩 黄铁矿 10.9 ZBGB04-1 金矿石 毒砂 11.0 ZBGB05-1 金矿石 毒砂 10.8 ZBGB06-1 金矿石 毒砂 10.7 ZBGB07-1 金矿石 毒砂 11.5 ZBGB01-1 金矿石 毒砂 10.8 ZBGB02-1 金矿石 毒砂 10.8 ZK5303-1 含黄铁矿碳酸盐脉 黄铁矿 4.5
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表 4 猪婆沟金矿床样品采样信息及Pb同位素组成表
Table 4. Lead isotopic composition of Zhubogou gold deposit
样号 阶段/产状 206Pb/204Pb 2σ 207Pb/204Pb 2σ 208Pb/204Pb 2σ 208Pb/206Pb 2σ 207Pb/206Pb 2σ ZBGB01-4 Ⅱ 18.639 0.0007 15.628 0.0006 38.458 0.0017 2.063 0.00004 0.838 0.00001 ZBGB01-4-1 Ⅱ 18.412 0.0008 15.620 0.0008 38.423 0.0022 2.087 0.00005 0.848 0.00002 ZK2702-2-1 Ⅱ 19.657 0.0007 15.717 0.0007 39.403 0.0020 2.004 0.00005 0.800 0.00001 ZK2702-2-2 Ⅱ 19.752 0.0006 15.722 0.0006 39.465 0.0021 1.998 0.00006 0.796 0.00001 ZBGB04-1 Ⅱ 18.190 0.0007 15.596 0.0006 38.282 0.0019 2.104 0.00005 0.857 0.00001 ZBGB06-2 Ⅲ 18.230 0.0008 15.593 0.0008 38.230 0.0025 2.097 0.00007 0.855 0.00002 ZBGB01-1 Ⅲ 18.179 0.0007 15.597 0.0008 38.309 0.0025 2.107 0.00005 0.858 0.00001 Pb-5 毒砂 18.193 0.0007 15.592 0.0008 38.260 0.0024 2.103 0.00006 0.857 0.00002 Pb-3 毒砂 18.198 0.0009 15.594 0.0009 38.266 0.0026 2.103 0.00005 0.857 0.00001 Pb-4 毒砂 18.179 0.0007 15.589 0.0009 38.244 0.0024 2.104 0.00007 0.858 0.00002 注：测试由中国科学院青岛海洋所中心实验室完成，2016。
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表 5 猪婆沟金矿流体包裹体显微测温数据表
Table 5. Micro temperature measurement data of fluid inclusions in Zhupogou gold mine
样号 寄主矿物 观察与测试的包裹体 冰点
T（℃）盐度
（% NaCleqv）完全均一T（℃） 密度（g/cm3） 类型 个数 相比 成矿早阶段（黄铁矿-石英阶段） ZK2702-1 石英 V-L 23 5～20 −20.1～−12.4 16.34～22.44 165.4～268.6 0.894～1.047 V-L-S 5 V5～10;S5～20 −17.4 20.52 148.6～289.4 0.922 成矿主阶段（多金属硫化物-石英阶段） ZBG05-3 石英 V-L 10 5～20 −5.3～−0.1 1.40～8.28 131.2～285.3 0.874～1.012 ZBG06-2 石英 V-L 15 V5～10;S10 −5.2～−0.1 2.41～8.14 128.9～208.1 0.928～1.035 V-L-S 3 5～10 −4.8～−4.3 6.88～7.59 141.3～198.6 0.945～1.034
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