青海省牛苦头铅锌矿床成矿时代研究：来自成矿岩体年代学和黄铁矿Re–Os地球化学证据

王新雨; 王书来; 吴锦荣; 王幻; 祝新友; 王玉往; 张坤; 刘明; 杨星; 蔡亚伟

doi:10.12401/j.nwg.2023191

青海省牛苦头铅锌矿床成矿时代研究：来自成矿岩体年代学和黄铁矿Re–Os地球化学证据

1.
北京矿产地质研究院有限责任公司，北京　100012

2.
青海鸿鑫矿业有限公司，青海格尔木　816099

基金项目: 中国铜业重点科技项目“青海省格尔木牛苦头及外围铅锌成矿规律研究与潜力评价”（QHHX-KZ-JF2020-001）资助。

详细信息

作者简介: 王新雨（1991–），男，博士，高级工程师，从事矽卡岩铅锌矿成矿理论研究。E–mail：wxyu1991@126.com

通讯作者: 吴锦荣（1985–），男，工程师，长期从事矿产勘查和矿床地球化学研究。E–mail：316105398@qq.com

中图分类号: P588.12；P597.3；P618

收稿日期: 2023-07-02

修回日期: 2023-10-19

录用日期: 2023-10-20

刊出日期: 2023-12-20

Mineralization Age and Ore forming–Source of Niukutou Pb–Zn Deposit, Qinghai: Evidence from Geochronology of Ore–forming Rock Bodies and Re–Os Geochemistry of Pyrite

1.
Beijing Institute of Geology for Mineral Resources Co., Ltd, Beijing 100012, China

2.
The Qinghai Hongxin Mining Co., Ltd, Golmud 816099, Qinghai, China

More Information

Corresponding author: WU Jinrong, 316105398@qq.com

Received Date: 02 July 2023

Revised Date: 19 October 2023

Accepted Date: 20 October 2023

Publish Date: 20 December 2023

摘要

摘要:
东昆仑造山带祁漫塔格地区是青海重要的矽卡岩多金属成矿带，牛苦头矽卡岩型矿床位于该地区中西段，为祁漫塔格地区探明的中–大型矽卡岩型铅锌多金属矿床之一。鉴于矿区成岩成矿时代以及金属成矿物质来源存在争议，笔者通过LA–ICP–MS及热表面电离质谱Re–Os同位素测试技术对锆石及黄铁矿年代学进行了研究。结果表明，牛苦头矿区M1矿段10线钻孔底部成矿花岗岩体年龄分别为（362.2±2.7）Ma、（361.8±3.4）Ma，与主成矿阶段闪锌矿密切共生的黄铁矿Re–Os等时线年龄为（359.2±6.3）Ma。牛苦头矿区矽卡岩铅锌多金属矿床成岩与成矿时代耦合于（362.2±2.7）～（359.2±6.3）Ma，表明该矽卡型铅锌多金属矿床形成于华力西期晚泥盆世。黄铁矿初始¹⁸⁷OS/¹⁸⁸Os值为0.13±0.24，表明牛苦头铅锌矿床金属成矿物质为壳幔混合来源，形成于晚泥盆世早古生代—晚古生代早期构造–岩浆旋回中碰撞–后碰撞的拉伸背景之下。
- Re–Os年代学 /
- 成岩与成矿时代耦合 /
- 金属成矿物质来源 /
- 壳幔混合
Abstract:
The Qimantagh area of East Kunlun orogeninc belt is an important skarn–type polymetallic mineralization belt in Qinghai, and the Niukutou deposit is located in the central–western part of this area, which is one of the middle–large Pb–Zn skarn deposits in Qimantagh area. In view of the controversy about the diagenetic and metallogenic age and the source of the metal ore–forming materials of Niukutou ore district, the zircon and pyrite chronology has been studied by LA–ICP–MS and thermal surface ionization mass spectrometry Re–Os isotope testing technology in this paper. The results show that the ages of the ore-forming granite bodies at the bottom of the 10 line drill hole in the M1 ore block of Niukutou ore district are (362.2±2.7) Ma and (361.8±3.4) Ma respectively, and the Re–Os isochron age of the pyrite closely associated with the sphalerite in the main mineralization stage is (359.2±6.3) Ma. This shows that the diagenesis and mineralization age of the skarn Pb–Zn polymetallic deposit in Niukutou ore district are coupled at (362.2±2.7)～(359.2±6.3) Ma, which further indicates that the skarn Pb–Zn polymetallic deposit was formed in the late Devonian of Variscan. The initial ¹⁸⁷O_S/¹⁸⁸Os of pyrite is 0.13±0.24, which indicates that the metal ore–forming materials of Niukutou Pb–Zn deposit are of crust mantle mixed source, and formed under the extensional background of collision–post collision in the tectonic magmatic cycle from Early Paleozoic to early Late Paleozoic at Late Devonian.
- Re–Os chronology /
- coupling of diagenetic age and mineralization age /
- source of metal minerals /
- crust mantle mixing

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图 1 东昆仑造山带地区地质构造简图（a）与祁漫塔格区域地质矿产简图（b）（据丰成友等，2012；钟世华等，2017a，2017b；王新雨等，2021修改）

Figure 1.

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图 2 牛苦头矿区地质图

Figure 2.

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图 3 牛苦头M1磁异常区10号地质勘探线剖面图

Figure 3.

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图 4 岩石、矿石手标本图

Figure 4.

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图 5 牛苦头矿区花岗岩类手标本及镜下照片

Figure 5.

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图 6 牛苦头矿区成矿花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩锆石年龄谐和及加权平均年龄图

Figure 6.

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图 7 闪锌矿与黄铁矿镜下共生的显微照片（a）和牛苦头M1矿段黄铁矿Re–Os同位素等时线图解（b）

Figure 7.

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表 1 牛苦头成矿花岗岩锆石U–Pb数据统计表

Table 1. U–Pb isotopic compositions of Niukutou granitoids

测点号	U	Th	Th/U	同位素比值						年龄（Ma）
测点号	（10⁻⁶）		Th/U	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ
NZC01.1	1085	393	0.36	0.05738	0.0006	0.42570	0.0063	0.05385	0.0007	360	2	365	3
NZC01.2	225	74	0.33	0.05758	0.0006	0.41379	0.0106	0.05215	0.0013	361	2	292	5
NZC01.3	266	81	0.30	0.05725	0.0006	0.43111	0.0086	0.05461	0.0010	359	2	396	4
NZC01.4	240	91	0.38	0.06005	0.0006	0.44513	0.0114	0.05378	0.0013	376	2	362	5
NZC01.5	201	71	0.35	0.05615	0.0006	0.41780	0.0102	0.05403	0.0013	352	2	372	5
NZC01.6	358	173	0.48	0.05931	0.0006	0.44755	0.0094	0.05470	0.0010	371	2	400	4
NZC01.7	195	70	0.36	0.05930	0.0006	0.44163	0.0107	0.05402	0.0012	371	2	372	5
NZC01.8	270	114	0.42	0.05856	0.0006	0.42962	0.0087	0.05327	0.0011	367	2	340	4
NZC01.9	183	63	0.34	0.05754	0.0006	0.42627	0.0110	0.05371	0.0013	361	2	359	5
NZC01.10	271	82	0.30	0.05786	0.0006	0.43239	0.0090	0.05411	0.0010	363	2	376	4
NZC01.11	198	102	0.52	0.05783	0.0006	0.42305	0.0107	0.05312	0.0013	362	2	334	5
NZC01.12	259	119	0.46	0.05650	0.0006	0.41202	0.0088	0.05296	0.0011	354	2	327	4
NZC01.13	308	136	0.44	0.05815	0.0008	0.42186	0.0112	0.05264	0.0013	364	3	313	5
NZC01.14	284	115	0.41	0.05696	0.0007	0.41795	0.0097	0.05337	0.0012	357	2	344	5
NZC01.15	241	102	0.42	0.05745	0.0006	0.42972	0.0091	0.05423	0.0011	360	2	381	4
NZC01.16	190	91	0.48	0.05779	0.0007	0.42768	0.0137	0.05392	0.0017	362	3	368	6
NZC01.17	317	177	0.56	0.05796	0.0007	0.43976	0.0098	0.05501	0.0011	363	2	413	4
NZC01.18	387	195	0.50	0.05840	0.0006	0.43639	0.0080	0.05421	0.0009	366	2	380	3
NZC01.19	300	124	0.41	0.05734	0.0006	0.41698	0.0080	0.05282	0.0009	359	2	321	4
NZC01.20	332	162	0.49	0.05755	0.0006	0.41550	0.0079	0.05234	0.0009	361	2	300	3
NZC13.1	201	80	0.40	0.05828	0.0006	0.42108	0.0105	0.05242	0.0012	365	4	357	9
NZC13.2	280	103	0.37	0.05685	0.0006	0.41206	0.0091	0.05264	0.0010	356	4	350	8
NZC13.3	185	68	0.37	0.05879	0.0007	0.44450	0.0129	0.05476	0.0014	368	4	373	11
NZC13.4	208	119	0.57	0.05796	0.0006	0.43336	0.0114	0.05419	0.0013	363	4	366	10
NZC13.5	228	88	0.39	0.05721	0.0006	0.42424	0.0117	0.05394	0.0014	359	4	359	10
NZC13.6	565	178	0.32	0.06000	0.0007	0.44218	0.0084	0.05355	0.0008	376	5	372	7
NZC13.7	193	66	0.34	0.05623	0.0006	0.41640	0.0119	0.05383	0.0015	353	4	353	10
NZC13.8	182	85	0.47	0.05767	0.0006	0.41970	0.0119	0.05307	0.0014	361	4	356	10
NZC13.9	244	120	0.49	0.05763	0.0006	0.42948	0.0095	0.05409	0.0011	361	4	363	8
NZC13.10	185	66	0.36	0.05949	0.0007	0.43490	0.0117	0.05297	0.0013	373	4	367	10
NZC13.11	131	48	0.37	0.05665	0.0006	0.41935	0.0135	0.05376	0.0016	355	4	356	11
NZC13.12	247	91	0.37	0.05775	0.0006	0.41730	0.0090	0.05248	0.0010	362	4	354	8
NZC13.13	251	106	0.42	0.05773	0.0006	0.42749	0.0090	0.05371	0.0010	362	4	361	8
NZC13.14	284	107	0.38	0.05662	0.0006	0.41479	0.0081	0.05314	0.0009	355	4	352	7
NZC13.15	167	56	0.34	0.05839	0.0006	0.43116	0.0113	0.05354	0.0013	366	4	364	10

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表 2 牛苦头铅锌矿床黄铁矿Re–Os同位素数据统计表

Table 2. Re–Os data of pyrite from Niukutou Pb–Zn skarn deposit

样品号	Re （10⁻⁹）		普Os （10⁻⁹）		¹⁸⁷Re （10⁻⁹）		¹⁸⁷Os（10⁻⁹）		¹⁸⁷Re/¹⁸⁸Os		¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os		模式年龄（Ma）
样品号	测定值	不确定度	测定值	不确定度	测定值	不确定度	测定值	不确定度	测定值	不确定度	测定值	不确定度	测定值	不确定度
NKC073	7.887	0.058	0.0012	0.0000	4.957	0.037	0.02996	0.00023	32860	381	198.0	1.3	361.7	3.7
NKC072	0.363	0.003	0.0009	0.0000	0.228	0.002	0.00136	0.00001	1963	20	11.69	0.02	356.0	3.7
NZC-115	0.887	0.007	0.0066	0.0001	0.557	0.004	0.00335	0.00003	648.9	6.7	3.880	0.010
NKC074	0.214	0.002	0.0028	0.0000	0.135	0.001	0.00079	0.00001	376.2	4.5	2.222	0.014
NKC075	0.254	0.002	0.0014	0.0000	0.160	0.001	0.00098	0.00001	852.6	16.9	5.191	0.078
NKC076	0.031	0.000	0.0024	0.0000	0.019	0.000	0.00020	0.00001	61.7	1.4	0.611	0.021

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