Geochemical Characteristics of Ore-forming Intrusions and their Diagenetic and Metallogenic Revelation from the Xiataolegai Iron and Copper Deposit, Inner Mongolia
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摘要:
下陶勒盖铁铜矿床是位于内蒙古阿拉善盟额济纳旗西部的一处矽卡岩铁铜矿床，同时也是北山成矿带旱山地块古生代活动陆缘矽卡岩成矿系统的典型代表。其成矿与花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩有密切的时空联系，为查明二者的形成时代、岩浆源区特征及其与矿化之间的关系，笔者开展了对花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩进行了岩相学、岩石地球化学及锆石U-Pb年代学研究。结果表明，花岗闪长岩与二长花岗岩均具高SiO2、Al2O3含量和高碱含量，低MgO含量，轻稀土元素富集，重稀土元素亏损。花岗闪长岩具Eu负异常和弱Ce正异常，亏损Ta、Nb、Ti和P等高场强元素，富集Rb和La等大离子亲石元素；二长花岗岩具弱Eu负异常和Ce正异常，亏损Nb、Ti和P等高场强元素，富集Rb和U等大离子亲石元素，这些特征表明二者均属钙碱性I型花岗岩。获得花岗闪长与二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄分别为（451.7±4.8）Ma和（460.1±4.9）Ma，指示该矿床东矿段和西矿段成岩及与其相关的成矿作用分别发生于晚奥陶世和中奥陶世。综合分析认为，下陶勒盖铁铜矿床形成于中—晚奥陶世陆缘弧构造环境，与洋盆俯冲产生的挤压作用有关。
Abstract:The Xiataolegai iron and copper deposit, located in Inner Mongolia, is a representative skarn-type deposit within the active continental margin of the Beishan Metallogenic Belt. Situated in the western part of the Ejina Banner in the Alashan League, it is closely associated in both time and space with granodiorite and monzogranite linked to Fe-Cu mineralization. To ascertain the formation age, source characteristics, and the relationship between magmatism and mineralization, samples underwent petrography, geochemical analysis, and zircon U-Pb dating. Results reveal high SiO2, Al2O3, alkalinity, and low MgO, with LREE enrichment and HREE depletion in both granodiorite and monzogranite. Granodiorite exhibits Rb, La enrichment, Ta, Nb, Ti, P depletion, weak Ce positive and Eu negative anomaly, while monzogranite shows Rb, U enrichment, Nb, Ti, P depletion, Ce positive and weak Eu negative anomaly Both granodiorite and monzogranite are classified as calc-alkaline I-type granite. The obtained U-Pb ages for zircons from granodiorite and monzogranite are (451.7±4.8)Ma and (460.1±4.9)Ma, indicating that the magmatism and related mineralization in the eastern and western section of the deposit occurred in the Late Ordovician and Middle Ordovician, respectively. A comprehensive analysis suggests that the Xiataolegai deposit formed in the late-middle Ordovician within an active continental margin arc tectonic setting, likely associated with oceanic plate subduction.
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图 1 下陶勒盖铁铜矿大地构造区（a）与内蒙古北山成矿带铁、铜、钼和金多金属矿床分布图（b）（据Ding et al.，2017；高树起等，2021）
Figure 1.
表 1 下陶勒盖铁铜矿床花岗闪长岩与二长花岗岩全岩主量元素（%）、稀土和微量元素（10−6）分析结果表
Table 1. Major elements (%), REE and trace elements (10−6) compositions of the granodiorite and monzogranite from the Xiataolegai iron and copper deposit
样品号 样品名 SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 TFe2O3 MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 烧失量 总量 Sc Ti Cr Co Ni Rb Sr Y Zr XT-044 花岗闪
长岩65.92 0.43 15.56 3.21 0.88 3.46 1.95 6.28 0.19 1.22 98.89 8.75 2556.73 2.87 2.87 3.16 273.09 217.88 25.11 245.99 XT-045 花岗闪
长岩63.38 0.49 16.61 3.98 1.49 3.31 2.23 5.34 0.21 1.23 98.26 11.75 2998.22 3.1 7.21 9.83 228.31 345.71 26.05 327.47 XT-046 花岗闪
长岩64.57 0.38 16.47 3.31 1.03 2.62 2.34 6.05 0.14 2.21 99.11 7.49 2254.02 3.45 4.03 8.22 248.55 287.41 15.45 248.25 XT-048 花岗闪
长岩65.57 0.41 16.46 3.37 1.17 2.31 1.67 6.42 0.14 1.99 99.47 8.22 2414.66 3.19 3.68 3.61 278.26 260.31 16.29 285.03 XT-049 花岗闪
长岩68.76 0.31 15.38 2.89 0.94 2.37 2.17 4.91 0.12 1.44 99.27 7.12 1846.33 2.45 4.43 2.36 217.81 271.06 17.87 193.32 XT-051 二长花
岗岩73.81 0.01 14.63 0.32 0.18 1.23 2.82 5.93 0.03 0.85 99.81 1.42 173.01 2.58 0.40 4.89 188.62 202.72 8.46 38.08 XT-052 二长花
岗岩74.47 0.01 13.81 0.34 0.18 0.85 3.03 5.53 0.05 1.11 99.33 1.07 179.12 1.45 0.26 1.23 189.78 185.41 8.36 24.17 XT-053 二长花
岗岩74.24 0.04 13.93 0.49 0.15 1.13 2.97 5.74 0.05 1.09 99.83 2.86 242.92 0.79 0.24 0.83 173.77 188.01 13.94 24.98 XT-054 二长花
岗岩73.95 0.02 14.15 0.51 0.18 1.42 3.08 5.21 0.03 1.34 99.88 1.96 209.39 0.47 0.41 0.63 166.95 153.62 16.85 48.82 样品号 样品名 Ba La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Hf Lu Ta Pb Bi Th XT-044 花岗闪
长岩888.49 36.12 73.21 8.23 32.96 5.89 1.35 4.95 0.62 4.74 0.87 2.57 0.41 2.23 5.96 0.36 1.03 3.56 0.58 5.54 XT-045 花岗闪
长岩1207.12 41.49 87.39 9.81 40.31 7.39 1.69 5.88 0.74 5.06 0.95 2.81 0.42 2.35 8.12 0.39 1.04 11.62 0.21 10.83 XT-046 花岗闪
长岩1383.96 64.21 122.78 12.46 45.29 6.83 1.63 5.37 0.54 3.51 0.73 2.13 0.33 2.01 6.31 0.33 0.99 9.91 0.22 15.19 XT-048 花岗闪
长岩1269.25 61.25 118.09 12.01 45.63 6.66 1.56 5.31 0.62 3.86 0.77 2.35 0.36 2.10 7.26 0.34 0.96 11.63 0.28 16.21 XT-049 花岗闪
长岩897.14 43.05 83.32 8.95 33.11 4.92 1.13 4.01 0.49 3.19 0.66 2.04 0.33 2.01 5.19 0.33 1.57 12.75 0.14 16.01 XT-051 二长花
岗岩379.84 8.09 23.35 2.56 9.33 1.74 0.64 1.63 0.24 1.89 0.41 1.29 0.23 1.26 1.72 0.22 0.61 31.71 0.07 8.39 XT-052 二长花
岗岩281.22 9.08 23.43 3.02 11.09 2.17 0.59 1.81 0.29 2.21 0.46 1.41 0.27 1.56 1.45 0.25 2.61 30.96 0.11 9.21 XT-053 二长花
岗岩354.39 8.38 17.89 2.84 10.41 2.23 0.47 2.04 0.36 2.96 0.66 2.04 0.36 2.25 1.52 0.35 1.42 19.36 0.06 9.71 XT-054 二长花
岗岩224.21 12.23 35.46 4.23 16.24 3.16 0.64 2.89 0.45 3.82 0.81 2.55 0.46 2.66 1.75 0.42 1.12 22.92 0.07 11.32 
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表 2 下陶勒盖铁铜矿床花岗闪长岩与二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb同位素 LA-ICP-MS 定年结果表
Table 2. Results of LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating for the granodiorite and monzogranite from the Xiataolegai iron and copper deposit
测试
点号元素含量 （10−6） 232Th/238U 同位素比值 年龄 （Ma） 谐和度（%） 206Pb 238U 232Th 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 样品 XT-47花岗闪长岩 XT-47-1 33.0 420 270 0.64 0.055683 0.000971 0.555747 0.009897 0.072438 0.000761 439.8 38.8 448.8 8.0 450.8 4.7 99 XT-47-2 59.5 708 635 0.90 0.056501 0.000875 0.567133 0.009134 0.072766 0.000745 472.1 34.3 456.2 7.3 452.8 4.6 99 XT-47-3 53.9 671 512 0.76 0.060149 0.000909 0.593241 0.009375 0.071511 0.000737 608.9 32.7 472.9 7.5 445.3 4.6 93 XT-47-4 54.7 677 536 0.80 0.061129 0.000972 0.601235 0.010187 0.071153 0.000719 643.8 34.2 478.0 8.1 443.1 4.5 92 XT-47-5 77.9 885 908 1.03 0.056599 0.000819 0.579132 0.008990 0.074183 0.000800 475.9 32.0 463.9 7.2 461.3 5.0 99 XT-47-6 68.4 820 758 0.92 0.057073 0.000838 0.566472 0.008859 0.071918 0.000750 494.3 32.4 455.7 7.1 447.7 4.7 98 XT-47-7 39.8 490 382 0.78 0.056459 0.000908 0.565446 0.009521 0.072619 0.000764 470.5 35.6 455.1 7.7 451.9 4.8 99 XT-47-8 51.5 643 536 0.83 0.055836 0.000856 0.548034 0.008808 0.071138 0.000731 445.9 34.1 443.7 7.1 443.0 4.6 99 XT-47-9 60.7 701 703 1.00 0.058394 0.000891 0.590287 0.009525 0.073264 0.000765 544.6 33.3 471.1 7.6 455.8 4.8 96 XT-47-10 43.6 530 368 0.70 0.057726 0.000928 0.596570 0.010196 0.074922 0.000807 519.4 35.3 475.1 8.1 465.7 5.0 98 XT-47-11 59.9 707 663 0.94 0.057924 0.000903 0.585539 0.009673 0.073272 0.000772 526.9 34.2 468.0 7.7 455.8 4.8 97 样品 XT-50二长花岗岩 XT-50-1 65.7 853 373 0.44 0.058255 0.000854 0.599708 0.009533 0.074612 0.000805 539.4 32.1 477.0 7.6 463.5 5.0 97 XT-50-2 63.4 846 329 0.39 0.055924 0.000827 0.568218 0.008921 0.073668 0.000772 449.3 32.8 456.9 7.2 458.2 4.8 99 XT-50-3 65.6 882 334 0.38 0.060274 0.000926 0.598740 0.009818 0.071920 0.000739 613.4 33.2 476.4 7.8 447.7 4.6 93 XT-50-4 61.5 809 332 0.41 0.055732 0.000883 0.569984 0.009641 0.074167 0.000811 441.7 35.3 458.0 7.7 461.2 5.0 99 XT-50-5 69.7 910 506 0.56 0.064514 0.001077 0.626786 0.009992 0.071055 0.000806 758.5 35.2 494.1 7.9 442.5 5.0 88 XT-50-6 57.6 750 312 0.42 0.056160 0.000843 0.579898 0.009349 0.074860 0.000805 458.7 33.3 464.4 7.5 465.4 5.0 99 XT-50-7 72.2 902 414 0.46 0.060178 0.000886 0.631297 0.009776 0.076404 0.000902 610.0 31.8 496.9 7.7 474.6 5.6 95 XT-50-8 66.8 877 295 0.34 0.055790 0.000832 0.581459 0.009302 0.075534 0.000787 444.0 33.2 465.4 7.4 469.4 4.9 99 XT-50-9 45.2 581 259 0.45 0.056166 0.000925 0.580605 0.010168 0.074984 0.000806 458.9 36.5 464.9 8.1 466.1 5.0 99 注：1σ代表单个数据点误差。
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