FORMING CONDITIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF MUZUOGOU DEBRIS FLOW IN TAIHANG MOUNTAIN AREA, HEBEI PROVINCE
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摘要:
通过对太行山区木作沟泥石流实地勘查，分析并总结了该沟泥石流形成条件及发育特征.在此基础上，采用经验公式法计算了木作沟泥石流运动特征参数值，即4条主要支沟典型断面处泥石流流速、峰值流量、整体冲击力等参数，进一步分析了泥石流活动及发展趋势，最后计算得到泥石流最大危险范围.研究结果表明：木作沟具有利于泥石流形成的地形条件、气象水文条件及物源条件；泥石流易发程度为易发，发展阶段为壮年期，并逐步向衰退期过渡.综合判断木作沟具备再次发生泥石流的条件，对沟内居民仍具有严重威胁.建议在泥石流形成区设置谷坊坝，在流通区修建排导渠.
Abstract:Through the field survey of Muzuogou debris flow in Taihang Mountain area, the paper summarizes its formation conditions and development characteristics. On this basis, the empirical formula method is used to calculate the parameters of movement characteristics of Muzuogou debris flow, including the flow velocity, peak flow and overall impact force of debris flow at typical sections of the four main branch gullies, to further analyze the development trend and calculate the maximum dangerous range of debris flow. There are topographic, hydrometeorological and provenance conditions conducive to the formation of debris flow in Muzuogou. The susceptibility of debris flow is high, with the mature development stage, gradually transiting to decline stage. From the above, it is inferred that Muzuogou has the condition for another debris flow, which still seriously threaten the local residents. It is suggested that check dams be set up in debris flow formation area and drainage channels built in circulation area.
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表 1 可能发生泥石流的24小时、1小时、10分钟降雨量界限值
Table 1. 1 Threshold values of rainfallin 24h, 1 h and 10 min for debris flow
H24（D） H1（D） H1/6（D） 代表地区（以当地统计结果为准） 100 40 12 浙江、福建、台湾、广东、广西、江西、湖南、湖北、安徽、云南西部、西藏东南部等省（区）山区 60 20 10 四川、贵州、云南东部和中部、陕西南部、陕西东部、黑龙江、吉林、辽东、辽西、河北北部和西部等省（区）山区 30 15 6 陕西北部、甘肃、内蒙古、京郊、宁夏、山西、新疆部分、四川西北部、西藏等省（区）山区 25 15 5 青海、新疆、西藏及甘肃、宁夏两省（区）的黄河以西地区 降雨量单位：mm. 
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表 2 木作沟松散固体物质储量统计表
Table 2. Statistics of loose solid material reserves
物源类型 物源总量/104 m3 可移动物源量/104 m3 沟道物源 15.94 2.86 坡面物源 28.76 10.53 总计 43.9 13.39
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表 3 木作沟泥石流形成区各支沟发育特征
Table 3. Development characteristics of each branch gully in Muzuogou debris flow formation area
流域 流域面积/km2 清水区面积/km2 沟长/km 沟道纵坡降/‰ 沟谷剖面形态 植被覆盖率/% 北沟 1.94 1.28 1.75 231.4 V 55 南沟 1.35 0.86 0.96 0.705 V 50 北水沟 1.77 1.22 2.48 183.5 V 65 南水沟 1.27 0.93 1.93 228.0 V 85
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表 4 不同断面特征参数及流速
Table 4. Characteristic parameters and flow velocity for different sections
计算断面 γh /（t/m3） φ α RC /m I mw VC /（m/s） 北沟断面 2.547 0.634 0.705 0.7 0.287 4.00 1.961 南沟断面 2.547 0.634 0.705 0.6 0.231 4.00 1.732 北水沟断面 2.547 0.634 0.705 1.2 0.249 4.00 2.770 南水沟断面 2.547 0.634 0.705 0.5 0.268 4.00 1.557
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表 5 不同位置大块石流速计算表
Table 5. Flow velocity calculation for big rocks at different sections
计算断面 摩擦系数α 最大块石粒径dmax /m VS /（m/s） VC /（m/s） 北沟断面 4.00 0.5 2.83 1.961 南沟断面 4.00 0.3 2.19 1.732 北水沟断面 4.00 0.4 2.53 2.770 南水沟断面 4.00 0.3 2.19 1.557
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表 6 木作沟典型断面峰值流量计算结果表
Table 6. Peak flow calculation results for typical sections of Muzuogou debris flow
剖面编号 1+φ 堵塞系数DC 设计洪峰流量QP 泥石流流量QC P=2% P=5% P=2% P=5% 北沟断面 1.634 1.5 6.09 5.80 14.94 14.23 南沟断面 1.634 1.5 3.53 3.41 8.66 8.36 北水沟断面 1.634 1.5 2.85 2.77 6.99 6.78 南水沟断面 1.634 1.5 2.31 2.25 5.66 5.52
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表 7 木作沟泥石流整体冲击力计算表
Table 7. Overall impact force calculation results for different sections
计算断面 λ γC /（t/m3） VC /（m/s） α/（°） sinα δ/Pa 北沟断面 1.33 1.6 1.961 90 1.00 8350 南沟断面 1.33 1.6 1.732 90 1.00 6514 北水沟断面 1.33 1.6 2.770 90 1.00 16661 南水沟断面 1.33 1.6 1.557 90 1.00 5264
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表 8 木作沟泥石流各断面最大冲起高度及爬高计算表
Table 8. Maximum lifting heights and climbing heights for different sections of Muzuogou debris flow
计算断面 VC /（m/s） ΔH/m ΔH′/m 北沟断面 1.961 0.20 0.31 南沟断面 1.732 0.15 0.24 北水沟断面 2.770 0.39 0.63 南水沟断面 1.557 0.12 0.20
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表 9 泥石流最大危险范围计算
Table 9. Maximum dangerous range calculation results of debris flow
流域面积A/km2 流域总物源量W/104 m3 主沟长度D/km 流域相对高差H/km 泥石流最大堆积长度L/m 泥石流最大堆积宽度B/m 扇幅角度R/（°） 面积S/m2 6.87 43.90 3.76 0.74 817.62 559.09 5.57 369485.9
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