PROGRESS OF GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES EXPLOITATION AND UTILIZATION TECHNOLOGY DRIVEN BY CARBON NEUTRALIZATION TARGET
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摘要:
碳中和、碳达峰需要能源供给领域的重大系统变革，地热能作为一种清洁低碳、稳定连续的非碳基能源，可为实现这一目标提供重要保障.本文简要介绍了中国地热资源赋存条件，就直接利用和地热发电分别综述了浅层-中深层地温能和水热型地热资源的开发利用技术和发展; 重点介绍了地热制冷、重力热管、地热-太阳能联合发电等广受关注的新技术、新方向; 展望了发展前景和研究开发方向，为相关的工程技术和研究人员提供参考.
Abstract:The goal of carbon neutrality and carbon peak requires major system changes in energy supply. As a clean low-carbon and stable non-carbon-based energy, geothermal energy can provide guarantee for the realization. The paper briefly introduces the occurrence conditions of geothermal resources in China, and summarizes the exploitation and utilization technology and development of shallow-middle deep geothermal energy and hydro-geothermal resources respectively in terms of direct utilization and geothermal power generation, focusing on the widely concerned new technology and direction such as geothermal refrigeration, gravity heat pipe and geothermal-solar power combined power generation and looking forward to the development and research direction to provide reference for related engineers and researchers.
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表 1 2020年地热发电装机容量排前十的国家
Table 1. Top 10 countries in installed capacity of geothermal power generation in 2020
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表 2 各大洲地热发电装机容量
Table 2. Installed capacity of geothermal power eneration by continent
洲 背压式 双工质 双级闪蒸 干蒸汽 单级闪蒸 三级闪蒸 总计 非洲 48 11 - - 543 - 602 亚洲 - 236 525 484 2514 - 3758 欧洲 - 268 273 795 796 - 2133 拉丁美洲 90 135 510 - 908 - 1642 北美 - 873 881 1584 60 50 3450 大洋洲 44 266 356 - 259 132 1056 总计 181 1790 2544 2863 5079 182 12640 装机容量单位: MW.
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表 3 ORC循环中不同工质的临界温度和临界压力
Table 3. Critical temperature and pressure of different working fluids in organic Rankine cycle
工质 临界温度/℃ 临界压力/MPa 异戊烷 187.2 3.370 异丁烷 134.7 3.640 n-戊烷 196.5 3.364 n-丁烷 152.0 3.796
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