FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS AND MINING SUGGESTION OF IN-SITU LEACHING TECHNOLOGY FOR SEDIMENTARY BAUXITE
-
摘要:
沉积型铝土矿是我国主要的铝土矿类型, 经过几十年的开发, 储采比逐渐下降, 深部难动用资源的绿色开发迫在眉睫. 通过开展静态溶浸实验和电极加热仿真模拟, 结合原位溶浸技术在铀矿和稀土矿开采中的成功经验, 总结出该技术在固体矿产开采中应用的适用条件包括: 矿物可溶性、矿体分布稳定性、顶底板条件、矿体渗透性. 我国北方铝土矿资源与以上条件切合程度高, 适合采用原位溶浸技术进行开采. 本次研究还提出了沉积型铝土矿原位溶浸开采的工艺方案, 为下一步开展先导试验提供了设计思路.
Abstract:Sedimentary bauxite is the main type of the deposits in China. The reserve-production ratio has gradually declined with decades of development, thus green exploitation of difficult-to-use resources in the deep is a matter of great urgency. Through static leaching test and electrode heating simulation, combined with the successful experience of in-situ leaching technology in uranium and rare earth mining, the application conditions of the technology in solid mineral mining are summarized as follows: 1) soluble minerals, 2) stable orebody distribution, 3) roof and floor conditions and 4) orebody permeability. The bauxite resources in North China fit in well with the above conditions and are suitable for in-situ leaching technology. The technological scheme for in-situ leaching mining of sedimentary bauxite is also proposed, which provides idea for pilot test design in the next step.
-
Key words:
- sedimentary bauxite /
- in-situ leaching /
- static leaching test /
- technology feasibility /
- deep mining
-
-
表 1 国内铝土矿主要含铝矿物溶出条件正交优化
Table 1. Orthogonal optimization of dissolution conditions of main aluminum- containing minerals in China's bauxite deposits
NaOH 矿物类型 温度/℃ 浓度/（g/L） 时间/min 液固比 一水硬铝石 260~280 220~240 >60 3.8∶ 1 三水铝石 140~145 160~180 30~50 H2SO4 矿物类型 温度/℃ 浓度/% 时间/min 液固比 一水硬铝石 160~180 60~90 60~120 8∶ 1 三水铝石 30 30 30 10∶ 1 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 一定块度铝土矿静态溶出实验数据表
Table 2. Static leaching test data of massive bauxite
样品号 颜色
及构造质量/
g硫酸
浓度/%硫酸
容积/mL溶浸
时间/h温度/
℃浸出液元素含量/（mg/L） Al Ca Fe K Mg Mn Na Ti 1 褐色块状 64.16 50 70 1 120 99.92 31.12 308.1 6.21 14.6 0.43 25.79 1.79 140 75.83 23.38 280.5 3.76 8.28 0.17 7.89 0.84 160 131.5 40.62 390.8 6.84 10.77 0.16 7.16 1.13 2 灰白色土状 40.17 50 70 1 120 41.35 16.13 47.88 2.45 5.91 0.11 3.38 0.65 140 27.96 5.41 57.7 2.82 1.81 0.1 4.35 0.72 160 68.88 18.47 288.5 5.29 3.96 0.11 4 1.42 3 褐色块状 33.768 50 65 50 160 17 237.5 114.9 1108 292.8 115.4 15.31 584
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 沉积型铝土矿原位溶浸开采技术指标优选
Table 3. Optimization of technical indexes for in-situ leaching mining of sedimentary bauxite
开采区 致密块状铝土矿 多孔土状铝土矿 钻井工艺 浅层采用直井注采对应井网，深层采用垂向平行双水平井井网 直井注采对应井网 完井工艺 套管采用两段式组合，封隔器采用过电缆封隔器，封隔器以上10 m位置为界，上部采用耐腐蚀不锈钢，下部采用高分子材质；油管材质组合与套管相同，在压裂工艺结束后更换管柱 套管采用两段式组合，封隔器采用过电缆封隔器，封隔器以上10 m位置为界，上部采用耐腐蚀不锈钢，下部采用高分子材质；油管材质组合与套管相同，在压裂工艺结束后更换管柱 矿层改造工艺 浅层采用水力压裂工艺，压裂砂采用石英砂；深层，上部水平井向下进行定向压裂，也可在下部水平井采用向上的定向爆破 目的段套管预开窗口或者割缝下入，不做改造措施 溶浸工艺 优选硫酸作为溶浸剂，利用浓硫酸水化放热的特点，可在井口注入前进行现场配制；加热方式推荐“导电流体介入的铝土矿层电极加热方法及装置” 优选硫酸作为溶浸剂，利用浓硫酸水化放热的特点，可在井口注入前进行现场配制；加热方式推荐“导电流体介入的铝土矿层电极加热方法及装置” 地面处理单元 萃取硫酸铝装置 萃取硫酸铝装置
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 流体介入的地层电极加热仿真参数表
Table 4. Simulation parameters of electrode heating in strata intervened by fluid
建模类型 模型长度/m 模型直径/cm 介质类型 恒压热容/（J/kg·K） 导热系数/（W/m·K） 比热率 介电常数 电导率/（S/m） 圆柱形空洞 100 5 H2SO4及其盐溶液 90.2 2.33 0.9 5.6 0.405
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 张海坤, 胡鹏, 姜军胜, 等. 铝土矿分布特点、主要类型与勘查开发现状[J]. 中国地质, 2021, 48(1): 68-81. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DIZI202101006.htm
Zhang H K, Hu P, Jiang J S, et al. Distribution, genetic types and current situation of exploration and development of bauxite resources [J]. Geology in China, 2021, 48(1): 68-81. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DIZI202101006.htm
[2] 杜远生, 余文超. 沉积型铝土矿的陆表淋滤成矿作用: 兼论铝土矿床的成因分类[J]. 古地理学报, 2020, 22(5): 812-826. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GDLX202005002.htm
Du Y S, Yu W C. Subaerial leaching process of sedimentary bauxite and the discussion on classifications of bauxite deposits[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography (Chinese Edition), 2020, 22(5): 812-826. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GDLX202005002.htm
[3] 孟祥化, 葛铭, 肖增起. 华北石炭纪含铝建造沉积学研究[J]. 地质学报, 1987, 61(2): 182-197. doi: 10.19762/j.cnki.dizhixuebao.1987.02.007
Meng X H, Ge M, Xiao Z Q. Study on the sedimentology of the Carboniferous allite-bearing formation (sequence) of North China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 1987, 61(2): 182-197. doi: 10.19762/j.cnki.dizhixuebao.1987.02.007
[4] Horbe A M C, da Costa M L. Geochemical evolution of a lateritic Sn-Zr-Th-Nb-Y-REE-bearing ore body derived from apogranite: The case of Pitinga, Amazonas-Brazil[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 1999, 66(1/2): 339-351.
[5] Laskou M, Margomenou-Leonidopoulou G, Balek V. Thermal characterization of bauxite samples[J]. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2006, 84(1): 141-146. doi: 10.1007/s10973-005-7126-5
[6] Cornell R M, Schwertmann U. The iron oxides: Structure, properties, reactions, occurrences, and uses[M]. 2nd ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2003: 1-703.
[7] Mameli P, Mongelli G, Oggiano G, et al. Geological, geochemical and mineralogical features of some bauxite deposits from Nurra (Western Sardinia, Italy): Insights on conditions of formation and parental affinity[J]. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 2007, 96(5): 887-902. doi: 10.1007/s00531-006-0142-2
[8] Bogatyrev B A, Zhukov V V, Tsekhovsky Y G. Formation conditions and regularities of the distribution of large and superlarge bauxite deposits[J]. Lithology and Mineral Resources, 2009, 44(2): 135-151. doi: 10.1134/S0024490209020035
[9] Bárdossy G, Aleva G J J. Lateritic bauxites[M]. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1990: 1-504.
[10] D'argenio B, Mindszenty A. Bauxites and related paleokarst: Tectonic and climatic event markers at regional unconformities[J]. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 1995, 88(3): 453-499.
[11] 任晓娟, 范凤岩, 柳群义, 等. 中国铝土矿的供应安全评价[J]. 中国矿业, 2019, 28(7): 52-59. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGKA201907010.htm
Ren X J, Fan F Y, Liu Q Y, et al. Supply safety evaluation of bauxite mine in China[J]. China Mining Magazine, 2019, 28(7): 52-59. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGKA201907010.htm
[12] 赵阳升, 梁卫国, 冯子军, 等. 原位改性流体化采矿科学、技术与工程[J]. 煤炭学报, 2021, 46(1): 25-35. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTXB202101003.htm
Zhao Y S, Liang W G, Feng Z J, et al. Science, technology and engineering of in-situ modified mining by fluidization[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2021, 46(1): 25-35. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTXB202101003.htm
[13] 梁卫国, 赵阳升, 徐素国, 等. 原位溶浸采矿理论研究[J]. 太原理工大学学报, 2012, 43(3): 382-387. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9432.2012.03.030
Liang W G, Zhao Y S, Xu S G, et al. Theoretical study of in-situ solution mining[J]. Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology, 2012, 43(3): 382-387. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9432.2012.03.030
[14] 赵阳升, 梁卫国, 冯子军, 等. 原位改性流体化采矿导论[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2019: 1-5.
Zhao Y S, Liang W G, Feng Z J, et al. Introduction to in-situ modified fluid mining[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2019: 1-5. (in Chinese)
[15] 孙占学, Asghar F, 赵凯, 等. 中国铀矿采冶回顾与展望[J]. 有色金属(冶炼部分), 2021(8): 1-8. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-METE202108002.htm
Sun Z X, Asghar F, Zhao K, et al. Review and prospect of uranium mining and metallurgy in China[J]. Nonferrous Metals (Extractive Metallurgy), 2021(8): 1-8. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-METE202108002.htm
[16] 苏学斌, 胥建军. 中国铀矿山绿色安全的现状与发展思路[J]. 铀矿冶, 2017, 36(2): 119-125. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YKYI201702010.htm
Su X B, Xu J J. The present situation and ideas on development of green security uranium mine in China[J]. Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, 2017, 36(2): 119-125. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YKYI201702010.htm
[17] 肖文刚, 黄凯龙, 朱健玲. 离子型稀土矿生产勘探成果在原地浸矿开采设计中的应用[J]. 中国金属通报, 2020(12): 27-28.
Xiao W G, Huang K L, Zhu J L. Application of production and exploration results of ionic rare earth ore in in-situ leaching mining design[J]. China Metal Bulletin, 2020(12): 27-28.
[18] 池汝安, 刘雪梅. 风化壳淋积型稀土矿开发的现状及展望[J]. 中国稀土学报, 2019, 37(2): 129-140. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XTXB201902001.htm
Chi R A, Liu X M. Prospect and development of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore[J]. Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths, 2019, 37(2): 129-140. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XTXB201902001.htm
[19] 郭钟群, 赵奎, 金解放, 等. 离子型稀土开发面临的问题与绿色提取研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(7): 3425-3433. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HGJZ201907045.htm
Guo Z Q, Zhao K, Jin J F, et al. Problems facing ion adsorption type rare earth exploitation and research progresses on green extraction[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(7): 3425-3433. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HGJZ201907045.htm
[20] 颜纯文. 深钻在原位采矿中的潜力[J]. 岩土钻凿工程, 1997, 5(2): 45-46.
Yan C W. Potential of deep drilling in in situ mining[J]. Geotechnical Drilling Engineering, 1997, 5(2): 45-46. (in Chinese)
[21] 许文强. 三水铝石的溶出工艺及装备选择比较[J]. 有色冶金设计与研究, 2012, 33(3): 22-23, 32. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSYJ201203009.htm
Xu W Q. Comparison on digestion process and equipment selection of gibbsite[J]. Nonferrous Metals Engineering & Research, 2012, 33(3): 22-23, 32. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSYJ201203009.htm
[22] 曾精华. 高铁三水铝石型铝土矿中氧化铝提取新工艺的基础研究[D]. 长沙: 中南大学, 2012.
Zeng J H. Basic research on novel process of alumina extraction fromhigh iron content gibbsite-type bauxite ores[D]. Changsha: Central South University, 2012.
[23] 张涛, 俞小花, 彭建蓉, 等. 石灰拜耳法处理某铝土矿溶出性能的研究[J]. 昆明理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 42(1): 9-13. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KMLG201701002.htm
Zhang T, Yu X H, Peng J R, et al. Study on dissolution performance of bauxite by lime Bayer process[J]. Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2017, 42(1): 9-13. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KMLG201701002.htm
[24] 雷显权, 潘晓林, 莫晓东, 等. 富云母高岭石铝土矿拜耳法溶出性能研究[J]. 有色金属(冶炼部分), 2021(2): 60-66. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-METE202102009.htm
Lei X Q, Pan X L, Mo X D, et al. Digestion performance of mica- and-kaolinite-rich bauxite by Bayer process[J]. Nonferrous Metals (Extractive Metallurgy), 2021(2): 60-66. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-METE202102009.htm
[25] 杨合群, 李英, 李文渊, 等. 西北地区铝土矿成矿规律概论[J]. 地质与勘探, 2012, 48(1): 1-11. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKT201201003.htm
Yang H Q, Li Y, Li W Y, et al. On metallogenic regularities of bauxite deposits in Northwest China[J]. Geology and Exploration, 2012, 48(1): 1-11. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKT201201003.htm
[26] 孙思磊. 山西省保德-兴县铝土矿成矿区带划分及含矿岩系特征[J]. 华北国土资源, 2018(6): 13-14. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HBGT201806009.htm
Sun S L. Division of metallogenic belt and characteristics of ore-bearing rock series of Baode-Xingxian bauxite deposit in Shanxi Province[J]. Huabei Land and Resources, 2018(6): 13-14. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HBGT201806009.htm
[27] 曹红霞, 李文厚, 吴海燕, 等. 陕北地区奥陶纪马家沟组五段沉积时期岩相古地理演化[J]. 古地理学报, 2021, 23(4): 723-734. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GDLX202104005.htm
Cao H X, Li W H, Wu H Y, et al. Lithofacies palaeogeography evolution of the Member 5 of Ordovician Majiagou sedimentary stage in northern Shaanxi Province[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography (Chinese Edition), 2021, 23(4): 723-734. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GDLX202104005.htm
[28] 丁茜, 何治亮, 沃玉进, 等. 高温高压条件下碳酸盐岩溶蚀过程控制因素[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2017, 38(4): 784-791. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYT201704015.htm
Ding Q, He Y L, Wo Y J, et al. Factors controlling carbonate rock dissolution under high temperature and pressure[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2017, 38(4): 784-791. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYT201704015.htm
[29] 南珺祥, 柳娜, 王邢颖, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区太原组铝土岩储层特征及形成机理[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2022, 33(2): 288-296. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDKX202202010.htm
Nan J X, Liu N, Wang X Y, et al. Characteristics and formation mechanism of bauxite reservoir in Taiyuan Formation, Longdong area, Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2022, 33(2): 288-296. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDKX202202010.htm
[30] 王瑞芹. 分解硫酸铝制备氧化铝的中试试验[D]. 沈阳: 东北大学, 2008.
Wang R Q. Pilot plant test of decompositing aluminium sulfate into aluminia[D]. Shenyang: Northeastern University, 2008.
-
图(11)
表(4)
计量
- 文章访问数: 923
- PDF下载数: 16
- 施引文献: 0