FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS AND MINING SUGGESTION OF IN-SITU LEACHING TECHNOLOGY FOR SEDIMENTARY BAUXITE
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摘要:
沉积型铝土矿是我国主要的铝土矿类型, 经过几十年的开发, 储采比逐渐下降, 深部难动用资源的绿色开发迫在眉睫. 通过开展静态溶浸实验和电极加热仿真模拟, 结合原位溶浸技术在铀矿和稀土矿开采中的成功经验, 总结出该技术在固体矿产开采中应用的适用条件包括: 矿物可溶性、矿体分布稳定性、顶底板条件、矿体渗透性. 我国北方铝土矿资源与以上条件切合程度高, 适合采用原位溶浸技术进行开采. 本次研究还提出了沉积型铝土矿原位溶浸开采的工艺方案, 为下一步开展先导试验提供了设计思路.
Abstract:Sedimentary bauxite is the main type of the deposits in China. The reserve-production ratio has gradually declined with decades of development, thus green exploitation of difficult-to-use resources in the deep is a matter of great urgency. Through static leaching test and electrode heating simulation, combined with the successful experience of in-situ leaching technology in uranium and rare earth mining, the application conditions of the technology in solid mineral mining are summarized as follows: 1) soluble minerals, 2) stable orebody distribution, 3) roof and floor conditions and 4) orebody permeability. The bauxite resources in North China fit in well with the above conditions and are suitable for in-situ leaching technology. The technological scheme for in-situ leaching mining of sedimentary bauxite is also proposed, which provides idea for pilot test design in the next step.
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Key words:
- sedimentary bauxite /
- in-situ leaching /
- static leaching test /
- technology feasibility /
- deep mining
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图 5 山西省保德-兴县铝土矿含矿岩系垂向剖面图(据文献[26]修改)
Figure 5.
图 11 硫酸铝制取氧化铝工艺流程图(据文献[30]修改)
Figure 11.
表 1 国内铝土矿主要含铝矿物溶出条件正交优化
Table 1. Orthogonal optimization of dissolution conditions of main aluminum- containing minerals in China's bauxite deposits
NaOH 矿物类型 温度/℃ 浓度/(g/L) 时间/min 液固比 一水硬铝石 260~280 220~240 >60 3.8∶ 1 三水铝石 140~145 160~180 30~50 H2SO4 矿物类型 温度/℃ 浓度/% 时间/min 液固比 一水硬铝石 160~180 60~90 60~120 8∶ 1 三水铝石 30 30 30 10∶ 1 表 2 一定块度铝土矿静态溶出实验数据表
Table 2. Static leaching test data of massive bauxite
样品号 颜色
及构造质量/
g硫酸
浓度/%硫酸
容积/mL溶浸
时间/h温度/
℃浸出液元素含量/(mg/L) Al Ca Fe K Mg Mn Na Ti 1 褐色块状 64.16 50 70 1 120 99.92 31.12 308.1 6.21 14.6 0.43 25.79 1.79 140 75.83 23.38 280.5 3.76 8.28 0.17 7.89 0.84 160 131.5 40.62 390.8 6.84 10.77 0.16 7.16 1.13 2 灰白色土状 40.17 50 70 1 120 41.35 16.13 47.88 2.45 5.91 0.11 3.38 0.65 140 27.96 5.41 57.7 2.82 1.81 0.1 4.35 0.72 160 68.88 18.47 288.5 5.29 3.96 0.11 4 1.42 3 褐色块状 33.768 50 65 50 160 17 237.5 114.9 1108 292.8 115.4 15.31 584 表 3 沉积型铝土矿原位溶浸开采技术指标优选
Table 3. Optimization of technical indexes for in-situ leaching mining of sedimentary bauxite
开采区 致密块状铝土矿 多孔土状铝土矿 钻井工艺 浅层采用直井注采对应井网,深层采用垂向平行双水平井井网 直井注采对应井网 完井工艺 套管采用两段式组合,封隔器采用过电缆封隔器,封隔器以上10 m位置为界,上部采用耐腐蚀不锈钢,下部采用高分子材质;油管材质组合与套管相同,在压裂工艺结束后更换管柱 套管采用两段式组合,封隔器采用过电缆封隔器,封隔器以上10 m位置为界,上部采用耐腐蚀不锈钢,下部采用高分子材质;油管材质组合与套管相同,在压裂工艺结束后更换管柱 矿层改造工艺 浅层采用水力压裂工艺,压裂砂采用石英砂;深层,上部水平井向下进行定向压裂,也可在下部水平井采用向上的定向爆破 目的段套管预开窗口或者割缝下入,不做改造措施 溶浸工艺 优选硫酸作为溶浸剂,利用浓硫酸水化放热的特点,可在井口注入前进行现场配制;加热方式推荐“导电流体介入的铝土矿层电极加热方法及装置” 优选硫酸作为溶浸剂,利用浓硫酸水化放热的特点,可在井口注入前进行现场配制;加热方式推荐“导电流体介入的铝土矿层电极加热方法及装置” 地面处理单元 萃取硫酸铝装置 萃取硫酸铝装置 表 4 流体介入的地层电极加热仿真参数表
Table 4. Simulation parameters of electrode heating in strata intervened by fluid
建模类型 模型长度/m 模型直径/cm 介质类型 恒压热容/(J/kg·K) 导热系数/(W/m·K) 比热率 介电常数 电导率/(S/m) 圆柱形空洞 100 5 H2SO4及其盐溶液 90.2 2.33 0.9 5.6 0.405 -
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