Process Mineralogy Study on Scandium of a Rare Earth Ore Deposit Tailings in Inner Mongolia
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摘要:
采用扫描电镜能谱仪、矿物自动检测仪MLA、电子探针等分析技术，结合电子探针元素面扫描分布，对内蒙古某稀土矿床尾矿的矿物组成、载钪矿物的嵌布特征、嵌布粒度、解离度，以及钪在矿石中的赋存状态进行了系统研究。结果表明，该稀土矿床尾矿中钪含量高达311×10-6。载钪矿物主要为镁钠铁闪石、霓石—霓辉石，次为铌铁金红石、铌铁矿等，钪主要以类质同象形式赋存于载钪矿物中，仅含极微量的钪独立矿物钪钇石。镁钠铁闪石与霓石—霓辉石的主要粒度范围在0.01~0.16 mm，且解离度达80%，有利于分选；铌铁金红石与铌铁矿粒度较细，主要在0.005~0.08 mm范围，且解离度仅为20%~30%左右，对分选极为不利。镁钠铁闪石和霓石—霓辉石中钪的理论品位为704×10-6，理论回收率81%左右；铌矿物中钪的理论品位可达5 008×10-6，理论回收率约10%。通过磁选初步富集尾矿中的霓石—霓辉石、镁钠铁闪石和铌矿物，进而采取酸浸—焙烧—浸出萃取湿法冶金手段从粗精矿中提取钪元素可综合回收尾矿中绝大部分钪。
Abstract:Combined with electron probe element surface scanning distribution, multiple technics including SEM energy dispersive spectrometer, mineral liberation analyser (MLA), electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) were used to study the mineral composition, dissemination characteristics, dissemination size, liberation degree and occurrence of scandium bearing minerals in a rare earth ore deposit tailings from Inner Mongolia. The results showed that the scandium content in the tailings was 311×10-6. The major scandium bearing minerals were magnesio-arfvedsonite, aegirine and aegirine-augite, and subordinately ilmenorutile and columbite with only a very small amount of scandium independent mineral thortveitite. The scandium mainly occurs in the form of isomorphism in scandium bearing minerals. The main grain size range of magnesio-arfvedsonite, aegirine and aegirine-augite was between 0.01~0.16 mm, with high liberation degree of 80%, which was good for sorting. The grain size of ilmenorutile and columbite was fine, mainly in the range of -0.005~0.08 mm, with very low degree of dissociation around 20%~30%, which was extremely disadvantageous to the separation. The theoretical grade and recovery of arfvedsonite, aegirine and aegirine-augite were 704×10-6 and 81%, respectively, and the theoretical grade and recovery of ilmenorutile and columbite were 5 008×10-6 and 10%, respectively. Most of the scandium in tailings could be recovered synthetically by sorting arfvedsonite, aegirine, aegirine-augite and niobium minerals using magnetic separation preliminary enrichment firstly, and then extracting scandium from rough concentrate using hydrometallurgical means of acid leaching-roasting-leaching.
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Key words:
- rare earth ore deposit tailings /
- scandium /
- occurrence state /
- process mineralogy
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表 1 尾矿多元素分析结果
Table 1. Results of chemical composition of tailings
元素 Sc2O3* Nb2O5 REO ThO2 TFe SiO2 P S F K2O Na2O CaO MgO Al2O3 TiO2 MnO CaF2 BaO 烧失量 含量/% 311.23 0.2 1.76 0.012 28.4 29.82 0.29 0.27 2.13 0.93 3.54 5.58 3.72 1.51 1.18 1.08 4.38 0.92 3.57 注：“*”为10-6。 
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表 2 尾矿矿物定量分析结果
Table 2. Results of mineral composition of tailings
铌矿物 矿物 铌铁矿 铌钙矿 烧绿石 易解石 钛易解石 褐钇铌矿 包头矿 铌铁金红石 含量/% 0.089 0.060 0.007 0.104 0.044 0.014 0.014 0.317 稀土矿物 矿物 独居石 氟碳铈矿 氟碳钙铈矿 方铈矿 氟碳钙石 黄河矿 兴安石 硅钛铈矿 含量/% 0.976 1.002 0.180 0.077 0.004 0.097 0.003 0.058 铁矿物 矿物 硼硅铈矿 褐帘石 方钍石 磁铁矿 赤铁矿 褐铁矿 钛铁矿 钡铁钛石 含量/% 0.115 0.040 0.002 3.269 27.884 2.001 0.821 0.092 其他矿物 矿物 钪钇石 富钪镁钠铁闪石 镁钠铁闪石 富钪霓石 霓石-霓辉石 黑云母 萤石 石英 含量/% 0.001 0.065 16.666 0.053 21.702 6.523 3.435 6.379 矿物 长石 绢云母 绿帘石 伊利石 橄榄石 氟镁石 方解石 白云石 含量/% 1.731 0.086 0.025 0.078 0.053 0.004 0.492 2.301 矿物 菱铁矿 菱锰矿 磷灰石 榍石 锆石 锌铁尖晶石 黝帘石 锡石 含量/% 0.444 0.299 0.635 0.061 0.005 0.002 0.066 0.002 矿物 绿泥石 高岭土 黄铁矿 闪锌矿 硬锰矿 重晶石 方铅矿 其他 含量/% 0.253 0.239 0.256 0.002 0.049 0.748 0.001 0.074
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表 3 各矿物Sc2O3含量分析结果 /10-6
Table 3. Results of Sc2O3 content of minerals
测点 铌铁矿-锰铌铁矿a 铌铁金红石a 铌钙矿a 钛易解石-易解石b 烧绿石a 霓石-霓辉石b 镁钠铁闪石b 钪钇石c 1 7 622.7 4 447.9 15.3 / 0.0 / / 576 500.0 2 16 319.0 1 748.5 0.0 / 0.0 / / 573 000.0 3 30.7 1 932.5 0.0 / 0.0 / / 546 300.0 4 490.8 1 073.6 0.0 / 0.0 / / 567 000.0 5 613.5 3 098.2 0.0 / 0.0 / / / 6 30.7 2 039.9 153.4 / 0.0 / / / 7 0.0 2 607.4 107.4 / 0.0 / / / 8 245.4 2 085.9 0.0 / 30.7 / / / 9 214.7 5 598.2 168.7 / 61.3 / / / 10 0.0 3 477.0 61.3 / 15.3 / / / 11 153.4 1 303.7 651.8 / / / / / 12 46.0 1 104.3 122.7 / / / / / 13 7 975.5 1 426.4 107.4 / / / / / 14 6 917.2 3 696.3 153.4 / / / / / 15 23 466.3 2 699.4 0.0 / / / / / 16 260.7 94 079.8 / / / / / / 17 22 760.7 / / / / / / / 18 12 883.4 / / / / / / / 19 5 368.1 / / / / / / / 20 10 613.5 / / / / / / / 平均 5 800.6 8 276.1 102.8 652.9 10.7 500.0 969.0 565 700.0 注：a为电子探针分析结果，b为单矿物分析结果，c为能谱分析结果。
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表 4 尾矿中主要载钪矿物粒度分布
Table 4. The grain size distribution of main scandium bearing minerals in tailings
粒级/mm 粒度分布/% 富钪霓石 霓石-霓辉石 富钪镁钠铁闪石 镁钠铁闪石 铌铁矿 铌铁金红石 铌钙矿 钛易解石 -0.64+0.32 / 0.02 / 0.01 / / / / -0.32+0.16 / 0.49 / 0.46 / 0.08 / / -0.16+0.08 6.56 12.44 14.05 11.85 0.73 2.53 / / -0.08+0.04 11.83 37.52 35.33 37.55 14.14 24.65 20.60 16.62 -0.04+0.02 17.38 32.74 31.37 34.27 30.14 33.81 29.94 39.37 -0.02+0.01 27.58 13.15 12.82 12.06 21.34 20.27 21.79 30.88 -0.01+0.005 32.62 3.08 3.49 2.91 16.26 12.61 17.84 10.60 -0.005 4.03 0.56 2.94 0.89 17.39 6.05 9.83 2.53 合计 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
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表 5 主要载钪矿物解离度测定结果
Table 5. Result of liberation degree of main scandium bearing minerals in tailings
粒级/mm 产率/% 矿物解离度/% 霓石-霓辉石 镁钠铁闪石 铌铁矿 铌钙矿 易解石 钛易解石 铌铁金红石 +0.15 2.00 64.57 43.65 9.46 4.81 35.07 10.13 5.69 -0.15+0.10 16.61 68.07 53.15 10.58 6.49 39.81 12.11 8.32 -0.10+0.075 24.57 78.05 77.73 11.5 25.15 50.36 13.55 12.65 -0.075+0.064 6.32 84.64 83.25 18.47 33.88 68.94 27.03 20.12 -0.064+0.043 22.59 89.75 88.52 20.32 37.26 74.81 30.99 20.69 -0.043+0.036 10.47 94.70 92.25 30.04 42.37 81.41 39.46 31.53 -0.036+0.02 11.82 96.96 95.89 34.19 52.97 89.50 65.40 40.07 -0.02 5.62 98.67 98.74 62.99 81.58 100.00 87.65 56.77 合计 100.00 83.75 80.77 21.15 34.96 68.55 30.31 19.87
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表 6 钪在矿物中的平衡分配
Table 6. The balanced distribution of scandium in minerals
矿物种类 矿物含量/% 矿物Sc2O3含量/10-6 分布率/% 钪钇石 0.001 565 700 1.69 铌铁矿 0.089 5 800.6 1.54 铌钙矿 0.060 102.8 0.02 易解石-钛易解石 0.148 652.9* 0.29 铌铁金红石 0.317 8 276.1 7.85 稀土矿物 2.337 45.3* 0.32 硅钛铈矿 0.058 30.7 0.01 霓石-霓辉石 21.756 499.9* 32.53 镁钠铁闪石 16.732 969.3* 48.52 磁铁矿 3.269 287.2* 2.81 赤铁矿 27.884 16.0* 1.33 钛铁矿 0.821 84.7* 0.21 黄铁矿 0.256 42.9 0.03 石英/长石 10.903 17.7* 0.58 萤石 3.435 79.7* 0.82 黑云母 6.523 74.2* 1.45 其他 5.411 / / 合计 100.000 334.3 100.00 注：*为单矿物分析数据。
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表 7 各磁性段矿物组成和钪含量分布
Table 7. The mineral composition and scandium distribution of different magnetic sections
场强/mT 产率/% Sc2O3含量/10-6 粒级回收率/% 矿物组成 100 4.18 236.91 2.60 主要为赤铁矿、镁钠铁闪石，少量磁铁矿、钛铁矿、霓石-霓辉石和含磁铁矿包裹体和连生体的矿物(包括独居石等) 130 15.44 306.38 12.44 240 7.45 318.31 6.23 430 42.78 415.69 46.76 550 8.39 587.48 12.96 主要为镁钠铁闪石、霓石-霓辉石、黑云母等，同时铌铁矿富集 655 7.97 592.01 12.40 885 4.90 366.26 4.72 1 100 1.82 187.66 0.90 主要为黑云母、石英、长石等，铌铁金红石和稀土矿物独居石、氟碳铈矿等富集 1 300 0.67 144.54 0.25 1 300非 6.40 43.88 0.74 主要为石英、长石、萤石、重晶石等 合计 100.00 380.40 100.00
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