膨润土的矿物学特征与可控改造技术研究

彭同江; 孙红娟; 罗利明; 刘波

doi:10.13779/j.cnki.issn1001-0076.2019.06.014

膨润土的矿物学特征与可控改造技术研究

1.
西南科技大学分析测试中心，四川绵阳 621010

2.
西南科技大学矿物材料及应用研究所，四川绵阳 621010

3.
西南科技大学四川省非金属矿粉体改性与高质化利用技术工程实验室，四川绵阳 621010

4.
西南科技大学核废物与环境安全国防学科重点实验室，四川绵阳 621010

5.
西南科技大学国防学院，四川绵阳 621010

基金项目:
国家重点研发项目（2018YFC1802902）

详细信息

作者简介: 彭同江, 教授, 博导, 研究领域:矿物晶体化学与矿物材料, E-mail:tjpeng@swust.edu.cn

中图分类号: P619.25⁺5;TB34

收稿日期: 2019-11-19

刊出日期: 2019-12-25

Mineralogy Characteristic and Controllable Retrofit Technology of Bentonite

1.
Center of Forecasting and Analysis, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China

2.
Institute of Mineral Materials and Applications, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China

3.
Sichuan Engineering Lab of Nonmetallic Mineral Powder Modification & High-quality Utilization, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China

4.
Nuclear Wastes and Environmental Safety Laboratory, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China

5.
School of National Defense Science and Technology College, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China

Received Date: 19 November 2019

Publish Date: 25 December 2019

摘要

摘要:
从膨润土属性出发，在系统阐述蒙脱石成分、结构和理化性能特点的基础上，深入讨论了蒙脱石的深度加工技术和应用。研究表明，蒙脱石具有优异的可控改造性，通过钠化改性提高膨胀性后可使蒙脱石剥离分散制备凝胶，通过阳离子交换性可进行插层改性制备有机插层和柱撑蒙脱石，进一步可向蒙脱石层间域中引入有机单体和金属氧化物前躯体，通过原位聚合和水解、脱羟、成核结晶等制备蒙脱石/聚合物纳米材料和氧化物/蒙脱石纳米复合材料等，利用蒙脱石比表面积大、化学反应活性强的特性可在低温常压下合成沸石和方钠石等。通过可控改造和深度加工可制备系列功能性蒙脱石新材料，并在战略新型产业领域中具有广泛的应用。
- 膨润土 /
- 蒙脱石 /
- 可控改造性 /
- 深度加工 /
- 功能性新材料
Abstract:
Based on the properties of bentonite, the deep processing technology and application of montmorillonite were discussed on the basis of systematically expounding the composition, structure and physical and chemical properties of montmorillonite. Research showed that montmorillonite has excellent controllable retrofit, and can be exfoliated and dispersed to prepare gel by sodium modification, organic intercalation and pillared montmorillonite can be prepared by cationic exchange modification, and organic monomer and metal oxide precursor can be further introduced into montmorillonite interlayer domain. Montmorillonite/polymer nanomaterials and oxide/montmorillonite nanocomposites were prepared by in-situ polymerization and hydrolysis, dehydroxyl and nucleation crystallization. Zeolites and albites can be synthesized at low temperature and atmospheric pressure by using the characteristics of large specific surface area and strong chemical reaction activity of montmorillonite. A series of new functional montmorillonite materials can be prepared through controllable retrofit and deep processing, and have a wide range of applications in strategic new industries.
- bentonite /
- montmorillonite /
- controllable retrofit /
- deep processing /
- new functional materials

HTML全文

图 1 蒙脱石的晶体结构示意图

Figure 1.

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图 2 钠化膨润土超声分散离心上(U)、中(M)、下(B)部涂膜(湿态)样品的XRD图^[7]

Figure 2.

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图 3 钠化蒙脱石溶胶样品涂膜在干燥不同时间后样品的XRD图^[7]

Figure 3.

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图 4 季铵盐阳离子/蒙脱石插层复合样品的XRD图及季铵盐阳离子在蒙脱石层间域中的排布模式^[1]

Figure 4.

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图 5 聚苯胺与聚苯胺/蒙脱石复合物样品的X射线衍射图谱^[24]

Figure 5.

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图 6 蒙脱石用量对聚苯胺/蒙脱石复合材料电导率的影响^[24]

Figure 6.

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图 7 不同温度焙烧后TiO₂/蒙脱石系列样品的XRD图谱^[28]

Figure 7.

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图 8 不同温度焙烧后TiO₂/蒙脱石系列样品吸附脱色率R(A)、光催化脱色率R(B)、总脱色率R(C)及比表面积(Sw)随温度变化的曲线^[28]

Figure 8.

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图 9 不同Na/Si摩尔比条件下合成样品的XRD图^[33]

Figure 9.

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图 10 不同Na/Si摩尔比条件下合成样品的SEM图^[33]

Figure 10.

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膨润土的矿物学特征与可控改造技术研究

作者简介: 彭同江, 教授, 博导, 研究领域:矿物晶体化学与矿物材料, E-mail:tjpeng@swust.edu.cn

Mineralogy Characteristic and Controllable Retrofit Technology of Bentonite

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