Research Progress on Purification Technology and Mechanism of Mineral Processing Wastewater
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摘要:
选矿废水是矿山环境污染的主要来源之一，废水中残留的浮选药剂大多都是难降解的有机化合物，这些化合物通常都具有较强的生物毒性且不易自然降解，如果直接排放到自然环境中，将会对环境和水体造成严重的污染，而经过有效处理后，可达到废水排放标准，还可回用到选矿过程中。本文从选矿废水的具体来源、特点以及危害展开深入探析，综述了物理处理法、化学处理法和生物处理法中常见的废水处理方法及其机理，主要有物理吸附法、过滤法、好氧-厌氧降解、Fenton氧化和过硫酸盐高级氧化法等。并对选矿废水中的难降解有机化合物的处理所取得的成绩和其中的不足进行了总结，展望今后选矿废水处理技术的研究发展方向，开发和应用经济、高效和绿色的选矿废水处理技术，是减轻选矿废水对环境的污染，保护环境，实现对选矿废水低成本有效治理的关键。
Abstract:Mineral processing wastewater is one of the main sources of mine environmental pollution. Most of the residual flotation reagents in the waste water are difficult to degradation of organic compounds which are usually have stronger biological toxicity and difficult to natural degradation. If discharged directly into the natural environment, it will cause serious pollution to environment and water body. After effective treatment, it can meet the wastewater discharge standard and can be reused in the process of mineral dressing. In this paper, the specific sources, characteristics and hazards of mineral processing wastewater were deeply analyzed. Several common wastewater treatment methods and their mechanisms in physical, chemical and biological treatment methods were reviewed, including physical adsorption method, filtration method, aerobic-anaerobic degradation, Fenton oxidation, advanced persulfate oxidation method and so on. The achievements and the deficiencies of refractory organic compounds treatment in ore dressing wastewater's are summarized. The future research and development direction of mineral processing wastewater treatment technology are prospected. The development and application of economic, efficient, green mineral processing wastewater treatment technology are the key to reduce mineral processing wastewater pollution to the environment. protect the environment and achieve low cost and effective treatment of mineral processing wastewater.
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表 1 废水的主要来源及特点
Table 1. Main sources and characteristics of mineral processing wastewater
种类 来源 特点 碎矿车间废水 碎矿及筛分车间除尘用水、矿仓及碎矿车间的地面冲洗水 主要含粉末状的固体悬浮物，经沉淀后即可排放 设备冷却水 为保证选矿厂大功率的碎矿和磨矿设备正常作业加入的设备冷却水 水温较高，冷却后可直接回用 药剂车间废水 为药剂制备车间的地面冲洗水 含较多选矿药剂，随尾矿进入到尾矿坝 浮选工艺废水 主要有尾矿水、精矿浓密机溢流水、精矿脱水车间滤液、主厂房地面冲洗水、中矿浓密溢流 为浮选废水的主体，成分复杂，处理难度较大 
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