Research Progress on Adsorption of Heavy Metal ions from Water by Hydrotalcite/Bentonite
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摘要:
类水滑石、膨润土均为具有特殊层状结构的黏土材料，其中类水滑石具有良好的阴离子交换特性，而膨润土具有良好的阳离子交换特性。近年来这两类材料在水处理方面备受关注。主要概述了类水滑石和膨润土的结构与性质，并着重介绍了类水滑石、膨润土及其改性材料在含重金属离子(如Pb2+、Cd2+、Zn2+、Cu2+及HAsO42-、Cr2O72-等)废水处理中的应用研究进展。相关研究结果表明，类水滑石焙烧产物对水中HAsO42-、Cr2O72-等具有较好的吸附性能，吸附机理以层间离子交换为主；类水滑石经过有机或无机改性处理后对重金属阳离子(如Pb2+、Cd2+、Zn2+、Cu2+等)同样具有较好的吸附性能，吸附过程很可能同时存在表面络合作用、沉淀作用、同晶替代、静电吸引及物理吸附等。通常而言，经活化改性、无机改性、有机改性或无机-有机复合改性的膨润土较天然膨润土具有更为优良的吸附性能，吸附作用为物理吸附、离子交换、化学键或表面络合等。然而大多类水滑石或膨润土经改性处理后易对环境造成二次污染，且不利于吸附剂的循环利用，因此研究开发高效环保的类水滑石或膨润土单一或复合吸附材料具有重要意义。
Abstract:Both hydrotalcite and bentonite are clay materials with special layered structures. Among them, hydrotalcite has good anion exchange properties, while bentonite has good cation exchange properties. In recent years, these two kinds of materials have attracted much attention in water treatment. In this paper, the structure and properties of hydrotalcite and bentonite were summarized, and the application of hydrotalcite, bentonite and their modified materials in the treatment of wastewater containing heavy metal ions such as Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and HAsO42-、Cr2O72- were introduced emphatically. The results showed that the hydrotalcite roasting products had good adsorption capacity for complex anions (such as HAsO42- and Cr2O72-) in water, and the adsorption mechanism was mainly interlayer ion exchange. Hydrotalcite after organic or inorganic modification treatment also had good adsorption performance of heavy metal cation (such as Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, etc.), and it was likely to exist surface complexation, precipitation, isomorphic substitution, electrostatic attraction and physical adsorption at the same time during adsorption process. Compared with natural bentonite, activated modified bentonite, inorganic modified bentonite, organic modified bentonite or inorganic-organic compound modified bentonite usually had better adsorption performance, and the adsorption was usually physical adsorption, ion exchange, chemical bond or surface complexation. However, the modified hydrotalcite or bentonite was easy to cause secondary pollution to the environment, and it was not conducive to the recycling of adsorbent. Therefore, it was of great significance to research and develop single or composite adsorption materials of hydrotalcite or bentonite with high efficiency and environmental protection.
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Key words:
- hydrotalcite-like /
- bentonite /
- heavy metal ion /
- adsorption
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