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摘要:
湖北某铜矿含铜0.67%和钼0.012%, 现场采用高碱度铜钼混合浮选工艺, 存在石灰用量高和废水难处理等问题。通过组合捕收剂的使用及调整矿浆电位, 在石灰和过氧化钙用量各为400 g/t、组合捕收剂丁基黄药+乙硫氮(质量比1 ∶ 1)用量80 g/t的条件下(此时矿浆pH为10.5、矿浆电位177.4 mV)进行一次粗选, 可获得铜品位14.4%、回收率88.42%, 钼品位0.16%、回收率58.3%的粗精矿。当添加巯基类药剂ZN-1 40 g/t与组合捕收剂共同使用时, 金回收率可提高13百分点, 银回收率提高2百分点。紫外光谱吸附量测定表明, 在相同条件下每克黄铜矿表面吸附0.33 mg组合捕收剂, 高于单一丁基黄药(0.19 mg)和单一乙硫氮(0.27 mg), 因此强化了捕收效果。采用一次粗选、一次精选、两次扫选闭路流程, 获得的铜钼混合精矿铜品位19.55%、回收率96%, 钼品位0.32%、回收率56.25%, 较现场高碱度浮选流程铜品位提高0.5百分点, 回收率提高3百分点, 实现了低碱度条件下浮选。
Abstract:Copper ore in Hubei contains 0.67% copper and 0.012% molybdenum. The high-alkaline copper-molybdenum mixed flotation process was used on site which caused problems such as high lime consumption and difficult wastewater treatment. Through the use of combined collectors and adjustment of ore slurry potential, under the conditions of lime and calcium peroxide dosages of 400 g/t respectively, and the dosage of butyl xanthate + ethyl sulfoxide (mass ratio 1:1) was 80 g/t (at this time, the pH of the pulp is 10.5, and the potential of the pulp is 177.4 mV). A rough concentrate with a copper grade of 14.4%, a recovery rate of 88.42%, a molybdenum grade of 0.16%, and a recovery rate of 58.3% was obtained. When sulfhydryl agents were added together with collectors, a gold recovery increases from 55% to 68% when the dosage is increased from 0 g/t to 40 g/t, an increase of 13%; the silver recovery increases from 66 % to 68%, an increase of 2%. Ultraviolet adsorption capacity tests show that under the same conditions, 0.34 mg of combined collector could be absorbed on per gram of copper pyrite surface, which was higher than 0.2 mg of single butyl xanthate and 0.28 mg of single ethyl disulfide, which enhanced the collection effect. Using a closed-circuit process of one roughing, one cleaning and two scavenging, the bulk concentrate with a copper grade of 19.555%, recovery of 96%, and a molybdenum grade of 0.32%, recovery of 56.25% was obtained. Compared with the field high alkaline flotation process, the copper grade and recovery of concentrate increased under low alkalinity flotation conditions.
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Key words:
- low alkalinity flotation /
- combined collector /
- calcium peroxide /
- copper ore /
- adsorption capacity
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表 1 原矿多项元素分析结果
Table 1. Results of chemical composition analysis of raw ore
元素 Cu Mo Al Ca Fe Mg 含量/% 0.67 0.012 4.19 28.19 9.13 2.33 元素 S Si Zn Au Ag 其他 含量/% 1.50 30.66 0.013 0.23 7.45 23.31 注：Au、Ag含量单位均为g/t。 
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表 2 原矿铜的化学物相分析结果
Table 2. Results of chemical phase analysis of copper in raw ore
/% 铜相 自由氧化铜 结合氧化铜 原生硫化铜 次生硫化铜 合计 含量 0.0007 0.007 0.72 0.035 0.762 7 分布率 0.10 0.93 94.39 4.58 100.00
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表 3 试验设备
Table 3. Test equipment lists
设备名称 型号 生产厂家 挂槽浮选机 XFG-2 武汉探矿机械厂 pH计 PHS-3E 上海雷磁仪器厂 pH电极 E-301F 上海雷磁仪器厂 ORP复合电极 501 上海雷磁仪器厂 电热鼓风干燥箱 101-2A 南昌建峰矿机制造有限公司
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表 4 捕收剂种类试验结果
Table 4. Test results of collector types
/% 捕收剂种类 产品名称 产率 品位 回收率 Cu Mo Cu Mo 丁基黄药+丁基铵黑药 粗精矿 4.10 11.36 0.07 80.30 23.92 尾矿 95.90 0.12 0.01 19.70 76.08 原矿 100.00 0.58 0.01 100.00 100.00 乙硫氮+丁基铵黑药 粗精矿 3.70 11.62 0.26 78.17 64.13 尾矿 96.30 0.12 0.01 21.83 35.87 原矿 100.00 0.55 0.02 100.00 100.00 Z200+丁基铵黑药 粗精矿 4.10 9.70 0.07 76.50 20.50 尾矿 95.90 0.13 0.01 23.50 79.50 原矿 100.00 0.52 0.01 100.00 100.00 丁基黄药+乙硫氮 粗精矿 3.50 13.60 0.25 83.51 62.50 尾矿 95.50 0.09 0.01 16.49 37.50 原矿 100.00 0.57 0.01 100.00 100.00
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表 5 电位调整剂种类试验结果
Table 5. Test results of potential regulator types
调整剂种类及用量 产品名称 产率/% 品位/% 回收率/% Cu Mo Cu Mo 石灰(400 g/t)+硫代硫酸钠(400 g/t) 粗精矿 3.90 10.83 0.16 72.80 52.00 尾矿 96.10 0.16 0.01 27.20 48.00 原矿 100.00 0.58 0.01 100.00 100.00 石灰(400 g/t)+过氧化钙(400 g/t) 粗精矿 3.50 14.40 0.25 88.42 58.30 尾矿 96.50 0.07 0.01 11.58 41.70 原矿 100.00 0.57 0.02 100.00 100.00
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表 6 浮选闭路试验结果
Table 6. The results of flotation closed circuit test
产品名称 产率 品位 回收率 Cu/% Mo/% Au/(g·t-1) Ag/(g·t-1) Cu/% Mo/% Au/% Ag/% 精矿 3.34 19.55 0.32 4.96 165 96.00 56.25 71.97 74.10 尾矿 96.66 0.032 0.009 - - 4.00 43.75 28.03 25.90 原矿 100.00 0.68 0.019 0.23 7.45 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
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表 7 每克黄铜矿对3种捕收剂的吸附量测定结果
Table 7. Determination results of adsorption capacity of 3 kinds of collectors per gram of chalcopyrite
捕收剂种类 最高峰处吸光度/° 原始浓度/(mg·L-1) 剩余浓度/(mg·L-1) 吸附量/mg 丁基黄药 1.71 25 14.92 0.19 乙硫氮 0.74 25 10.57 0.27 组合捕收剂 0.31 25 7.89 0.33
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