Preparation of the Connected Porous and Water-permeable Ceramic Materials by Porphyry Copper Tailings
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摘要:
以斑岩型铜矿尾矿、高岭土、玻璃粉为主要原料，制备连通孔陶瓷透水材料。研究了骨料配比、结合料用量、成型压力和烧成制度对连通孔陶瓷透水材料抗折强度和透水系数的影响。当m(铜尾矿)：m(高岭土)：m(玻璃粉)为7：3：2、成型压力为1 MPa、烧成温度为1 150 ℃、保温时间为90 min时，工艺流程最佳。此时，连通孔陶瓷透水材料抗折强度为3.9 MPa，透水系数为2.7×10-2 cm/s，劈裂抗拉强度为3.7 MPa，耐磨性磨坑长度为25.2 mm，抗冻性为D50。
Abstract:The connected porous and water-permeable ceramic materials were prepared with porphyry copper tailings, kaolin and glass powder as main raw materials. The flexural strength and water permeability coefficient of the connected porous and water-permeable ceramic materials were studied at different aggregate ratio, binder dosage, molding pressure and firing system. The results showed that when the ratio of copper tailings, kaolin and glass powder was 7 : 3 : 2, molding pressure was 1 MPa, sintering temperature was 1 150 ℃, and holding time was 90 min, the flexural strength, water permeability coefficient, splitting tensile strength, the wear-resistant pit length, and frost resistance of the prepared connected porous and water-permeable ceramic materials were 3.9 MPa, 2.7×10-2 cm/s, 3.7 MPa, 25.2 mm, and D50, respectively.
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表 1 主要原料的X射线荧光光谱分析
Table 1. X-ray fluorescence spectrum analysis of the copper tailings
/% 化学成分 SiO2 Al2O3 CaO MgO K2O Na2O Fe2O3 SO3 Loss 铜尾矿 63.38 11.51 0.68 0.21 6.45 0.34 2.03 3.63 3.56 高岭土 45.71 40.32 0.77 0.66 2.53 0.18 7.27 0.16 2.14 玻璃粉 73.14 0.88 8.12 3.88 1.88 12.36 0.21 0.02 - 
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表 2 骨料配比试验结果
Table 2. Test results of the aggregate ratio
试验编号 铜尾矿用量/% 高岭土用量/% 抗折强度/MPa 透水系数/(10-2cm·s-1) 1 100 0 3.01 2.23 2 80 20 3.46 2.25 3 70 30 3.93 2.71 4 60 40 4.38 2.44
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表 3 结合料外掺量试验结果
Table 3. Test results of the binder dosage
试验编号 结合料外掺量/% 抗折强度/MPa 透水系数/(×10-2cm·s-1) H1 10 3.45 1.84 H2 15 3.78 1.67 H3 20 3.93 2.71 H4 25 4.92 0.99
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表 4 正交试验因素水平表
Table 4. Orthogonal test factor level table
水平 因素 成型压力(A)/MPa 烧成温度(B)/℃ 保温时间(C)/min 1 0.5 1100 30 2 1 1150 60 3 1.5 1200 90
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表 5 正交试验结果
Table 5. Results of the orthogonal test
水平 因素 测试结果 A B C 抗折强度/MPa 透水系数/(10-2cm·s-1) 1 A1 B1 C1 1.28 2.87 2 A1 B2 C2 2.34 2.36 3 A1 B3 C3 2.53 1.75 4 A2 B1 C2 2.42 1.53 5 A2 B2 C3 3.97 2.46 6 A2 B3 C1 3.12 1.44 7 A3 B1 C3 4.12 1.14 8 A3 B2 C1 3.96 0.96 9 A3 B3 C2 3.32 0.79 k11 2.05 2.61 2.79 k12 3.17 3.42 2.69 k13 3.80 2.99 3.54 R1 1.75 0.82 0.85 优方案 A3 B2 C3 k21 2.33 1.85 1.76 k22 1.81 1.93 1.56 k23 0.96 1.33 1.78 R2 1.36 0.60 0.22 优方案 A1 B2 C3
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表 6 最优产品性能测试结果
Table 6. Results the optimal product performance test
项目 抗折强度/MPa 透水系数/(10-2cm·s-1) 劈裂抗拉强度/MPa 耐磨性/mm 抗冻性 产品性能 3.9 2.7 3.7 25.2 D50 标准要求 ≥3.0 2.0 ≥3.0 ≤35 ≥D30
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