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摘要:
以云南省某高岭土矿为研究对象, 通过XRD、XRF、光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)和电子探针(EPMA)等测试手段对该矿进行了系统的工艺矿物学研究。结果表明: 该高岭土矿的矿物组成主要是高岭石、石英和少量的白云母。高岭土-0.045 mm的产率为55.72%。分级后高岭石主要富集在-0.020 mm粒级, 高岭石形貌多为结合紧密的叠片状或蠕虫状, 少量呈管状。煅烧后白度由63.96%提高到85.92%。铁和钛杂质元素主要赋存在赤褐铁矿、金红石等独立矿物中。高岭土矿通过简单的分级提纯, 可达到陶瓷工业和橡塑工业的相关标准。
Abstract:Taking a kaolin ore in Yunnan Province as the research object, a systematic process mineralogy study was carried out by XRD, XRF, optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA). The results showed that the mineral composition of the kaolin ore was mainly kaolinite, quartz and a small amount of muscovite. The yield of kaolin-0.045 mm class was 55.72%. After classification, kaolinite was mainly enriched in -0.020 mm classes. The morphology of kaolinite was mostly laminated or wormlike, and a small amount was tubular. Whiteness increased from 63.96% to 85.92% after calcination. Iron and titanium impurity elements mainly occur in independent minerals such as hematite and rutile. Through simple classification and purification, kaolin ore can meet the relevant standards of ceramic industry and rubber and plastic industry.
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Key words:
- kaolin ore /
- process mineralogy /
- whiteness /
- occurrence state
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表 1 高岭土矿的化学成分
Table 1. Chemical composition of kaolin ore
/% 化学成分 SiO2 Al2O3 K2O Fe2O3 MgO TiO2 ZrO2 烧失量 含量 57.61 31.28 0.82 0.72 0.29 0.20 0.02 9.04 
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表 2 分级高岭土的产率、白度及矿物组成
Table 2. Yield, whiteness and mineral composition of each particle classes of kaolin
粒级/mm 产率/% 负累积产率/% 白度/% 矿物组成及含量/% 高岭石 石英 白云母 钠长石 其他 +0.045 44.28 100.00 / 40 55 4 \ 1 -0.045+0.030 11.16 55.72 63.01 70 21 7 1 1 -0.030+0.020 6.68 44.56 67.81 74 16 8 1 1 -0.020+0.010 20.69 37.88 71.29 79 10 9 1 1 -0.010+0.005 9.03 17.19 72.74 80 8 10 1 1 -0.005+0.002 2.27 8.16 66.82 85 6 5 2 2 -0.002 5.89 5.89 50.60 90 4 2 2 2
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表 3 分级高岭土的化学组成
Table 3. Chemical composition of each classes of kaolin
/% 化学组成 粒级/mm -0.005 -0.010+0.005 -0.020+0.010 -0.045+0.020 +0.045 SiO2 47.04 48.84 50.15 56.73 77.63 Al2O3 34.61 33.65 33.37 31.05 16.51 Fe2O3 0.96 0.91 0.92 0.76 0.46 CaO 0.65 0.40 0.31 0.37 0.12 P2O5 0.59 0.11 0.09 0.09 0.07 K2O 0.44 1.25 1.14 0.85 0.37 MgO 0.30 0.36 0.39 0.43 0.25 Na2O 0.20 0.09 0.06 0.11 0.01 TiO2 0.13 0.21 0.18 0.25 0.19 其他 0.17 0.13 0.08 0.01 0.03 烧失量 14.76 13.98 13.30 9.22 4.16
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