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摘要:
以贵州某高硫铝土矿为研究对象, 采用元素分析、矿物自动分析仪(MLA)和扫描电镜(SEM)等方法, 研究了高硫铝土矿的化学组成、主要矿物的解离度及连生关系、矿物表面形貌等, 结果表明: 矿石中Al2O3含量为62.71%, S含量为3.37%, SiO2含量为9.94%;矿石中元素Ce和Ga含量分别达到121.0 g/t和40.3 g/t; 黄铁矿在矿石中分布广泛, 与一水硬铝石连生紧密, 嵌布粒度较细; 在磨矿细度为-0.075 mm占77%的条件下, 一水硬铝石和黄铁矿的解离度分别为14.10%和71.20%, 黄铁矿解离度较高, 一水硬铝石解离度较低, 可采用"阶段磨矿—阶段选别"的浮选工艺脱硫。
Abstract:This paper aims to study the chemical composition, liberation degree, interlocking relationship and surface morphology of the main minerals in high-sulfur bauxite. The high-sulfur bauxite ore in Guizhou, China was taken as the study object. By adopting the means of elemental analysis, mineral liberation analyzer (MLA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), the research came to the following findings. The contents of Al2O3, S and SiO2 in ore were 62.71%, 3.37% and 9.94%, respectively. The contents of Ce and Ga in ores were 121.0 g/t and 40.3 g/t, respectively. Pyrite was widely distributed in the ore, closely associated with diaspore, with fine embedded particle size. When the grinding fineness was -0.075 mm accounting for 77%, the liberation degrees of diaspore and pyrite were 14.10% and 71.20%, respectively. Because the liberation degree of pyrite was high, and the liberation degree of diaspore was low, the flotation process of 'stage grinding-stage separation' could be used for desulfurization.
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Key words:
- high-sulfur bauxite ore /
- process mineralogy /
- liberation degree /
- flotation /
- desulfurization
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表 1 高硫铝土矿常量元素分析结果
Table 1. Analysis results of constant elements of high-sulfur bauxite ore
/% 成分 Al2O3 BaO CaO Cr2O3 TFe2O3 K2O MgO MnO Na2O 含量 62.71 0.02 0.18 0.05 7.55 1.78 0.24 0.01 0.01 成分 P2O5 SiO2 SrO TiO2 S ZnO ZrO2 LOI(含SO3) 含量 0.06 9.94 0.02 2.64 3.37 0.01 0.08 14.88 
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表 2 高硫铝土矿微量元素分析结果
Table 2. Analysis results of trace elements in high-sulfur bauxite ore
/(g·t-1) 元素 Bi Cd Ce Co Cr Cs Cu Ga Ge Hf 含量 1.16 0.09 121.0 26.7 179 1.33 19.0 40.3 0.13 9.8 元素 In La Li Mo Nb Ni Pb Rb Re Sb 含量 0.225 43.3 53.2 4.91 51.1 25.1 27.7 16.2 0.004 0.86 元素 Sc Se Sn Sr Ta Te Th Tl U V 含量 43.8 2 9.9 93.0 3.76 0.11 47.1 0.37 11.7 205 元素 W Y Zn Zr As Ba Be Ag - - 含量 164.5 24.8 14 332 23.6 90 1.74 0.06 - -
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表 3 高硫铝土矿主要矿物组成
Table 3. Main mineral composition of high-sulfur bauxite ore
/% 矿物 一水硬铝石 黄铁矿 赤/褐铁矿 石英 金红石/锐钛矿 含量 66.94 6.03 2.26 0.66 1.76 矿物 伊利石/绢云母 绿泥石 高岭石 其他 - 含量 16.84 4.50 0.46 0.55 -
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表 4 主要矿物的解离度分析结果
Table 4. Liberating analysis results of major minerals ore
/% 矿物 单体 连生体 > 3/4 3/4~1/2 1/2~1/4 < 1/4 一水硬铝石 14.10 71.59 9.38 3.40 1.53 黄铁矿 71.20 16.01 7.66 3.19 1.94
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表 5 主要矿物的连生关系
Table 5. Interlocking relation of major minerals
/% 嵌连矿物/目的矿物 一水硬铝石 黄铁矿 一水硬铝石 - 14.40 黄铁矿 0.96 - 赤铁矿/褐铁矿 1.23 0.41 菱铁矿 0.00 0.00 石英 0.01 0.02 金红石/锐钛矿 1.53 0.26 伊利石/绢云母 30.27 2.62 绿泥石 3.74 1.61 高岭石 0.33 0.14 其他 0.61 0.35 自由表面积 61.32 80.19 合计 100.00 100.00
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