Recent Advances of Diatomite-based Silicon Fertilizer
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摘要:
系统总结了硅藻土基硅肥在提高植物的抗旱、抗病、抗虫、抗倒伏、抗盐、抗冻和抗重金属及增产增质等方面的作用机理、硅藻土基硅肥的生产工艺和硅肥的分类及应用现状，通过对比了硅藻土基硅肥和其他硅肥的差异，剖析了硅藻土基硅肥研究应用中存在的问题，为高品质硅肥的研究提供理论参考。
Abstract:Silicon in plants is the fourth essential element, which plays an important role in the quality, safety and yield of crops. However, the promotion and application of silicon fertilizer are not ideal at present. The study of diatomite-based silicon fertilizer will redefine the current pattern of silicon fertilizer. First, the mechanism of diatomite-based silicon fertilizer is comprehensively discussed in terms of improving drought resistance, disease resistance, insect resistance, lodging resistance, salt resistance, frost resistance, heavy metal resistance, and increasing plant yield and quality. Then, the difference, classification and application status between diatomite-based silicon fertilizer and traditional silicon fertilizer are expounded from the application aspect, and the role of diatomite-based silicon fertilizer and the problems existing in its research and application are analyzed. The purpose is to provide a reference for the research and development of diatomite-based silicon fertilizer, and discuss that diatomite-based silicon fertilizer has excellent characteristics that other silicon fertilizers do not have, which is of great significance to the research of silicon fertilizer and diatomite-based silicon fertilizer.
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Key words:
- diatomite /
- silicon fertilizer /
- soil /
- crops
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表 1 四种硅肥综合对比
Table 1. Comprehensive comparison of four silicon fertilizers
种类 组成 优点 缺点 制作方法 主要特点 硅藻土基硅肥 包括硅藻土和有机肥料 亲土性强，能促进土壤团粒结构的形成。含硅量高，不含有害物质 用水溶性有机硅肥作为包膜剂包被肥料，经造粒而成 缓慢释放肥料，增产效果较好，肥料成本适宜，符合农民施用 熔渣硅肥 主要包括黄磷或磷酸生产过程中的废渣 锰的耐受性高，养分齐全 碱性较强，会加速土壤矿化，且一些硅肥重金属含量较高 利用物理方法，高温熔融，机械磨细，其产品质量与机械磨细程度有关 产品有效硅20%以上、有效钙20%以上、有效镁5%以上，还有P、S、K和其他有效态的微量元素，养分齐备 水溶性硅肥 以泡花碱为主，主要以包括硅酸钠、硅酸钾等硅酸盐类化合物 水溶性二氧化硅含量50%~60%，有效硅含量高 成本较高 经过化学方法处理形成的硅肥 硅复合肥 硅肥和氮磷钾复合肥 含有多种营养元素，施用方便，农民易操作 有效硅含量低 由硅氮磷钾复合肥经造粒而成 与传统化肥相似 
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