Mechanism and Application of Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans in Leaching of Metal Sulfide Ores
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摘要:
氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, T.f菌)在矿产资源全面节约和高效利用领域起着重要作用。概述了T.f菌生理学特性、浸出机理和及其浸矿过程影响因素，重点论述T.f菌浸矿的直接、间接机理，并梳理双氧化系统(铁氧化系统和硫氧化系统)的研究近况和细菌产生的胞外分泌物(Extracellular Polymeric Substances, EPS)在浸矿过程中的作用。最后阐述T.f菌在各类金属硫化物提取中的研究进展，评述了各类应用研究目前有待深入的方向，旨在为今后低品位矿产资源的高效提取与利用提供支撑。
Abstract:Theiobacillus ferrooxidans(T.f) plays an important role in the overall conservation and efficient use of mineral resources. There is a lot of research on the use of T.f bacteria to extract minerals with valuable metals, whereas there is a lack of systematic summary. Therefore, this paper introduces the physiological characteristics of T.f bacteria, the mechanism of immersion and the influencing factors of its immersion process. In addition, the direct and indirect mechanisms of T.f bacteria immersion are discussed, and the research status of the double oxidation system (iron oxidation system and sulfur oxidation system) and the role of Extracellular Polymeric Substances(EPS) produced by bacteria in the immersion process are discussed. Finally, the research progress of T.f bacteria in the extraction of various types of metal sulphides is expounded, and the direction of various kinds of applied research is still to be furthered, with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for the development direction of the efficient extraction and utilization of low-grade mineral resources in the future.
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表 1 T.f菌在各类金属硫化矿浸出中的应用进展
Table 1. Research progress on Thiobacillus ferrooxidans of leaching of metal sulfide ores
浸矿类型 主要研究内容 小结 金矿 工艺参数调整[68]
浮选药剂影响[69]
浸矿机理研究[70]
诱变菌种(紫外线、X射线诱变等[71])研究从工艺到机理再到菌种诱变，旨在提高浸出效率。目前主要研究难点在于高温T.f菌的筛选以及各类浮选药剂的抑制机理尚不明确 铜矿 浸矿机理研究[72-73]
影响因素研究[64]
EPS研究[74]研究主要集中于影响因素和机理研究。其中直接作用在浸出中占主导，此外浸出金属离子会促进EPS的生成，但是EPS在浸出中具体起着什么作用还有待深入研究 钼镍矿 工艺参数和浸矿机理研究[75] 研究关注细菌驯化、工艺参数调整和浸矿机理研究。试验结果表明细菌对不同重金属的浸出率不同，初步证明细菌浸矿过程中存在直接和间接机理。但未深入研究EPS 铊矿 混合菌浸出[76] 初步探讨混合菌浸出铊矿效率更高 锑矿 工艺参数调整[77] 通过正交试验证明pH=3, t=25 ℃, 矿浆质量浓度c=20%时锑矿浸出量达到最大，但是没有研究浸出机理 锰矿 影响因素探究[78]
诱变菌种[79]
生物反应器构建[80]研究从化学诱变、紫外诱变驯化菌种，探讨浸出过程中的影响因素和以软性塑料纤维为填料构建固定化生物反应器高效浸出低品位锰矿。浸出机理方面研究欠缺 
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