Process Mineralogy Investigations and Processabilities of Kaolinite in Lower Permian Liangshan Formation of Enshi
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摘要:
以湖北恩施下二叠统梁山组高岭土作为研究对象，利用XRD、XRF、SEM/EDS、ICP-MS、TG/DSC、光学显微镜、白度仪、粒度仪等分析手段，解析物相、主成分和微量锂含量、杂质赋存状态、白度、粒径分布、吸油值及热解特征，进行干法初加工和煅烧实验研究其加工特性。结果表明该矿石工业类型为硬质高岭土，部分层位高岭石含量86.79%～99.45%，结晶程度不高，结构无序；微量Li有待开发；黄铁矿杂质呈现出鲕粒状，分布于高岭石颗粒粒隙间。高岭石干法初加工后，<1 μm占比32.35%，筛下物含铁量和化学需氧量（COD）会同时降低，可考虑分选加工用作玻纤原料、水泥、复合肥等添加料等；950 ℃煅烧后白度可达79.1%，750 ℃煅烧后吸油值48.23 g/100g，其应用可扩展至偏高岭石、莫来石及陶瓷釉料原料。本研究为恩施高岭土资源加工及潜在应用指出了方向，为其他同类型资源开发提供了研究基础。
Abstract:The objects studied in this paper were the kaolin samples collected from Huashiban mining area of the Lower Permian Liangshan Formation in Enshi, Hubei province. The phase compositions, principal components, trace lithium contents, impurity states, whitenesses, particle sizes, values of oil adsorption and pyrolysis characteristics of these samples were studied by the methods like XRD, XRF, SEM/EDS, ICP-MS, TG/DSC, optical microscope, whiteness and particle-size analyzer. The experiments of the preliminary processing and the calcination were operated to research their processabilities. The results show that the ore in the industry type is hard kaolin. The content of kaolinite is 86.79%～99.45% in some layers. The crystallizations of kaolinite in these samples are not high and they have disorder structures. The trace Li in kaolin needs subsequent researches. The pyrite is in oolitic-shape and distributes between the kaolinite particles. After the preliminary processing of kaolinite, the proportion of less than 1 μm particles is 32.35%. The contents of Fe and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the undersize material both decreased. The samples were considered to be used as the raw materials for glass fibers and other additives in cements and fertilizers. After the calcination, the whiteness of a sample can reach 79.1% at 950 ℃, and the oil absorption value is 48.23 g/100g after calcination at 750 ℃. Their applications can be extended to be metakaolinite, the raw materials for the mullite and ceramic glazes. Therefore, the researches in this paper propose possible processing methods and potential applications for Enshi kaolinite resources, which can provide references for other similar resources.
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Key words:
- kaolin /
- process mineralogy /
- preliminary process /
- calcination /
- application
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图 1 矿样的物相分析:（a）A矿点XRD图；（b）B矿点XRD图；（c）A矿点层高岭石物相随层位变化；（d）B矿点高岭石随层位变化；1～7矿样表示由顶部自上而下每隔约50 cm取一个样
Figure 1.
图 6 高岭石（B−3）煅烧特性研究: （a）煅烧温度对白度的影响；（b）煅烧温度对吸油值的影响；（c）850 ℃煅烧后物相变化；（d）850℃煅烧后形貌
Figure 6.
表 1 恩施花石板矿样物相组成和HI参数
Table 1. XRD analysis results of ores from Huashiban of Enshi
/% 取样点 样品编号 高岭石 /% 黄铁矿/% 石英 /% 锐钛矿 /% 伊利石 /% 勃姆石 /% 方解石 /% HI 巷道口距845 m，由顶板至下层 A−1 14.38 1.05 83.44 1.13 0.40 A−2 86.79 5.76 7.44 0.53 A−3 74.47 20.62 4.91 0.89 A−4 24.32 2.02 53.57 20.08 0.59 A−5 9.04 7.72 79.5 3.74 − A−6 96.6 3.41 0.74 A−7 61.63 1.05 3.5 29.45 4.37 − A点平均值 52.46 5.95 33.19 0.16 7.08 0.00 1.16 0.45 巷道口距810 m，由顶板至下层 B−1 99.45 0.55 0.62 B−2 88.7 0.91 2.43 7.95 0.20 B−3 93.41 0.72 3.02 2.86 0.31 B−4 95.76 0.25 4 0.54 B−5 88.41 7.2 2.45 1.93 1.14 B−6 93.84 2.24 3.92 0.38 B−7 10.38 4.93 46.29 38.4 0.52 B点平均值 81.42 1.21 8.24 2.24 6.62 0.28 0.00 0.53 
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表 2 恩施花石板矿区矿样化学成分分析结果
Table 2. Chemical compositions of ores from Huashiban of Enshi
样品编号 SiO2 /% Al2O3 /% Fe2O3 /% MgO /% CaO/% Na2O /% K2O/% MnO/% TiO2/% P2O5/% 烧失量/% Li/(μg·g−1) A−1 75.52 15.7 0.97 0.20 0.11 0.48 0.53 0.01 1.25 0.02 5.14 86.8 A−2 28.27 25.56 4.21 0.30 0.07 0.09 0.16 0.01 0.87 0.02 40.40 170 A−3 44.06 37.07 1.22 0.56 0.23 0.20 0.42 0.01 1.55 0.02 14.60 492 A−4 49.03 14.34 2.31 0.17 0.10 0.29 0.28 0.01 1.17 0.01 32.24 126 A−5 68.50 5.84 12.01 0.65 2.36 0.16 0.82 0.01 0.33 0.03 9.12 20.3 A−6 38.93 29.63 4.71 0.84 0.45 0.21 0.84 0.02 1.14 0.05 23.13 654 A−7 45.00 35.42 1.84 0.63 0.21 1.06 1.40 0.01 2.80 0.05 11.39 254 A点平均值 49.90 23.37 3.90 0.48 0.50 0.36 0.64 0.01 1.30 0.03 19.43 257.59 B−1 55.25 19.09 6.29 2.55 2.80 0.47 2.87 0.02 0.95 0.74 8.84 43.9 B−2 44.05 38.38 0.85 0.31 0.16 0.19 0.19 0.01 1.70 0.02 14.04 500 B−3 44.11 38.13 1.04 0.59 0.20 0.56 0.43 0.01 1.42 0.06 13.39 534 B−4 44.02 39.53 0.53 0.17 0.10 0.12 0.09 0.01 1.34 0.02 14.00 639 B−5 43.95 39.14 0.41 0.18 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.01 1.22 0.02 14.67 605 B−6 43.64 39.19 0.80 0.19 0.10 0.09 0.12 0.01 1.43 0.02 14.37 646 B−7 42.32 37.81 2.76 0.17 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.01 1.47 0.03 15.07 568 B点平均值 45.33 35.90 1.81 0.59 0.51 0.23 0.56 0.01 1.36 0.13 13.48 505.13
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表 3 破碎、研磨、筛分两组实验样品的Al2O3、Fe2O3和COD值
Table 3. The content of Al2O3, Fe2O3 and COD values of the samples by crushing, grinding and sieving
样品 原矿 1#筛下物 1#筛上物 2#筛下物 2#筛上物 Al2O3 /% 38.13 39.88 38.90 39.76 37.75 Fe2O3 /% 1.04 0.80 1.56 0.74 1.95 COD /10−6 14654 8959 17310 8838 18303
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