Optimization of Mining Method for Gently Inclined Broken Thin Vein Based on Bayes Algorithm and Numerical Simulation
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摘要:
为实现某锰矿顶板破碎低品位缓倾斜薄矿体安全高效经济开采，首先根据开采条件设计出5种技术可行的采矿方法，然后基于贝叶斯（Bayes）和蒙特卡洛（Monte Carlo）方法建立涵盖技术和经济共17项评价指标的采矿方法优选体系进行采矿方法优选。研究结果表明，浅孔进路V型掏槽后退/前进采矿法、中深孔进路V型掏槽/平行抛掷采矿法和浅孔接钎头斜向掏槽采矿法的综合得分依次为0.524、0.193、0.214、0.228和0.221，浅孔进路V型掏槽后退采矿法最优。最后采用MIDAS数值模拟对优选出的采矿方法的4种不同跨度采场的稳定性进行分析，其采场跨度12 m时可在采场稳定性和矿石回收率之间取得较好平衡。综合考虑技术、经济和安全指标的采矿方法及采场结构参数优化思路，可为该矿山选出安全高效采矿方案，并可供类似矿山参考借鉴。
Abstract:To achieve safe, efficient, and economically viable mining of a manganese mine with a fractured, low−grade, gently sloping, thin ore body, five technically feasible mining methods were first designed based on the mining conditions. Subsequently, a mining method optimization was conducted, utilizing a system established on Bayes and Monte Carlo methods, encompassing 17 evaluation criteria covering both technical and economic aspects. The research findings indicated that the comprehensive scores of the shallow hole approach V−cut retreat/advance mining method, the medium−deep hole approach V−cut/parallel throw mining method, and the shallow hole drill head oblique cut mining method were 0.524, 0.193, 0.214, 0.228, and 0.221, respectively. The shallow hole approach V−cut retreat mining method was found to be the most optimal. Finally, MIDAS numerical simulation was employed to analyze the stability of four different span stops of the selected mining methods. A span of 12 meters was found to achieve a favorable balance between stope stability and ore recovery rate. Considering technical, economic, and safety indicators, the optimization approach for mining methods and stope structural parameters can assist in selecting a safe and efficient mining scheme for the mine, and can also serve as a reference for similar mines to improve their operations.
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表 1 5种采矿方法技术指标
Table 1. Technical indexes of five mining methods
技术指标 代号 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 矿块生产能力/(t·a−1) 
92 92 111 144 148 采切工程量/m³ 
383.69 399.04 690.07 582.78 1003.18 采矿效率/(t·班−1) 
5.09 5.09 6.18 8.01 8.24 采切比/(10−3m·t−1) 
261 275 340 333 343 贫化率/% 
6 6 8 10 10 损失率/% 
24 24 12 28 6 采矿设备/万元 
462 462 368 368 470 采矿成本/万元 
14.15 14.15 21.3 24.6 52.4 
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表 2 5种采矿方法经济指标
Table 2. Economic indicators of five mining methods
序号 经济指标 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 1 投资收益率(B1)/% 26.38 25.42 18.45 20.43 15.89 2 贷款偿还期/a 2.8 3.3 3.6 2.8 3.4 3 净利润率(B2)/% 42.53 38.56 45.86 42.73 25.31 4 投资回收期/a 3.2 3.8 4.1 3.6 4.8 5 投资利税率(B3)/% 24.81 23.62 40.31 42.51 51.83 6 净现值/万元 68571.8 54324.1 35862.4 48581.7 29431.5 7 内部收益率(B4)/% 30.18 28.43 19.83 21.75 16.21 8 自有资金内部
收益率/%37.63 30.82 25.74 32.96 25.46 9 盈亏平衡点(B5)/% 28.42 31.56 38.31 42.51 58.78
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表 3 数值计算岩体强度参数表
Table 3. Numerical calculation of rock mass strength parameters table
名称 密度
/(kg·m−3)弹性模量
/GPa内摩擦角
/(°)黏聚力
/MPa泊松比 抗拉强度
/MPa矿体 2860 8.45 35.9 2.54 0.353 0.13 顶板 2450 4.61 24.2 0.93 0.312 0.11 底板 2820 9.36 38.1 4.75 0.265 0.21
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