河北省某钼尾矿土壤化改良及种植实验研究

孟凡伟; 涂全平; 向艾华; 刘琨; 石晴

doi:10.13779/j.cnki.issn1001-0076.2024.02.015

河北省某钼尾矿土壤化改良及种植实验研究

1.
河北矿业资源有限责任公司，河北石家庄 050011

2.
中南大学资源加工与生物工程学院，湖南长沙 410083

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（52174268）

详细信息

作者简介: 孟凡伟（1973—），男，黑龙江兰西人，高级工程师，主要从事矿山开发建设管理工作，E-mail：3809327730@qq.com

通讯作者: 涂全平（1969—），男，湖南涟源人，高级工程师，主要从事矿业技术及资源综合利用等方面工作，E-mail：15831536958@163.com。

中图分类号: TD926.4

收稿日期: 2024-01-30

刊出日期: 2024-04-15

Soilization Improvement and Cultivation Experiment of Molybdenum Tailings in Hebei Province

1.
Hebei mining resources co., LTD., Shijiazhuang 050081, Hebei, China

2.
School of Resource Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China

More Information

Corresponding author: TU Quanping, 15831536958@163.com

Received Date: 30 January 2024

Publish Date: 15 April 2024

摘要

摘要:
以河北省某钼尾矿为研究对象，采用低成本添加剂与机械混合方法对钼尾矿进行土壤化改良。针对钼尾矿的保水性、酸碱性及阳离子交换能力，开展了单因素改良实验及复合改良实验。结果表明，利用农家肥、蒙脱土、聚丙烯酰胺及柠檬酸复合改良剂对钼尾矿进行改良，钼尾矿的饱和吸水率提高至61.1%，水分挥发速率和渗滤速率明显降低；阳离子交换能力达到了10.15 cmol/kg，pH值降低至8.08，达到了适宜种植的水平。此外，通过盆栽实验验证了复合改良后钼尾矿的植物生长效应，与原始钼尾矿相比，复合改良后钼尾矿中的小白菜生长状态良好，植株的高度和质量分别提高了77.4%和98.1%。经过15 d的小白菜种植后，改良钼尾矿的保水性、pH值及阳离子交换能力达到了正常土壤的水平，实现了钼尾矿向可种植土壤的转化。
- 钼尾矿 /
- 复合改良剂 /
- 保水性 /
- pH值 /
- 阳离子交换能力 /
- 植物生长效应
Abstract:
The molybdenum tailings in Hebei Province had been improved through simple mechanical mixing with low−cost additives, facilitating their utilization for soilization. Through single−factor and composite−amended tests, the water retention rate, pH value, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of molybdenum tailings were significantly enhanced. Results indicated the application of a composite amendment agent, consisting of farmyard manure, montmorillonite, polyacrylamide (PAM), and citric acid, to the molybdenum tailings has significantly enhanced their properties. The saturated water absorption rate of the molybdenum tailings increased to 61.1%, and both the evaporation rate and decline rate of the moisture was significantly reduced. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) reached 10.15 cmol/kg, and the pH value was lowered to 8.08, achieving a level suitable for agricultural cultivation. Additionally, a pot experiment was conducted to assess the growth effect of improved molybdenum tailings on plants. Compared to the initial molybdenum tailings, the height and quality of plant growth in composite−amended molybdenum tailings increased by 77.4% and 98.1%, respectively. Furthermore, after 15 days of plant growth, the water retention, pH value, and CEC of the composite−amended molybdenum tailings reached levels comparable to those of normal soil, confirming the successful transformation of molybdenum tailings into plantable soil.
- molybdenum tailings /
- compound amendments /
- water retention /
- pH /
- cation exchange capacity /
- plant growth effect

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图 1 聚丙烯酰胺分子量大小和添加量对钼尾矿饱和吸水率的影响

Figure 1.

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图 2 聚丙烯酰胺分子量大小对钼尾矿水分蒸发速率(a)和水分下降速率(b)的影响

Figure 2.

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图 3 添加剂种类和添加量对钼尾矿的pH值影响

Figure 3.

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图 4 添加剂种类及添加量对钼尾矿的阳离子交换能力的影响

Figure 4.

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图 5 复合改良钼尾矿、钼尾矿和正常土壤水分蒸发速率(a)和水分渗滤速率(b)

Figure 5.

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图 6 小白菜在钼尾矿、矿区周边土壤和复合改良钼尾矿中的生长状态

Figure 6.

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图 7 种植15 d后(a)水分蒸发速率和(b)水分渗滤速率

Figure 7.

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表 1 钼尾矿的化学成分

Table 1. Chemical composition of molybdenum tailings /%

元素	O	F	Na	Mg	Al	Si	P	S	K
含量	50.11	1.41	0.28	10.41	2.66	19.83	0.028	0.42	1.98

元素	Ca	Mn	Fe	Cu	Zn	Mo	Pb	Rb	Ti
含量	7.82	0.22	4.68	0.015	0.048	0.004	0.012	0.006	0.061

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表 2 钼尾矿的理化性质

Table 2. Physical and chemical properties of molybdenum tailings

性质	pH值	CEC /(cmol·kg⁻¹)	电导率 /(mS·cm⁻¹)	全氮 /(g·kg⁻¹)	全磷 /(g·kg⁻¹)	全钾 /(g·kg⁻¹)	有机质 /(g·kg⁻¹)
数值	8.58	7.77	0.21	0.37	0.43	19.80	10.10

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表 3 钼尾矿浸出毒性（浸出浓度）

Table 3. Leaching toxicity of molybdenum tailings /（mg·L⁻¹）

元素	F	Mn	Cu	Pb	Zn	Mo
水平振荡法	1.04	0.15	0.018	0.015	0.18	0.11
硫酸硝酸法	1.01	0.12	0.011	0.016	0.19	0.18
毒性结果	合格	合格	合格	合格	合格	合格

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表 4 复合改良后钼尾矿的CEC、pH值及饱和吸水率

Table 4. CEC, pH value, and saturated water absorption rate of composite-amended molybdenum tailings

样品	CEC/(cmol·kg⁻¹)	pH值	饱和吸水率/%
复合改良钼尾矿	10.15	8.08	61.1

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表 5 钼尾矿、矿区周边土壤和复合改良钼尾矿中生长15 d后小白菜的参数

Table 5. Parameters of plant grown for 15 days in molybdenum tailings, normal soil, and composite-amended molybdenum tailings

土壤样品	发芽率/%	平均株高/cm	10株质量/g	叶片数
正常土壤	86	4.58	5.86	3~4
钼尾矿	58	2.74	3.12	3
复合改良钼尾矿	92	4.86	6.18	3~4

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表 6 种植15 d后钼尾矿和复合改良钼尾矿的理化性质

Table 6. Physical and chemical properties of molybdenum tailings and composite-amended molybdenum tailings after 15 days of cultivation

样品	自然含水率/%	pH值	CEC/ (cmol·kg⁻¹)	电导率/(mS·cm⁻¹)	有机质/(g·kg⁻¹)	碱解氮/(g·kg⁻¹)	有效磷/(g·kg⁻¹)	有效钾/(g·kg⁻¹)
钼尾矿	19.70	8.38	8.78	0.23	8.92	0.015	0.047	2.43
复合改良钼尾矿	24.30	7.54	12.56	0.44	14.30	0.063	0.087	3.45

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