Research on the Sedimentary and Paleoclimate Environment of the Xiaoheba Formation in Southeastern Sichuan Based on the Trace Elements Ratio Method
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摘要: 川东南地区下志留统小河坝组砂岩具有较好的生储盖组合条件，油气地质条件优越，但对其沉积环境为陆相还是海相沉积三角洲的厘定尚不明确。本文针对川东南地区小河坝组亟需解决的沉积环境问题，系统采集了该地区9条典型剖面的74个样品，通过微量元素比值分析方法分析其元素组成，并结合沉积构造特征分析其沉积环境及古气候环境。利用X射线荧光光谱法测试了能判别海陆相沉积环境的Sr、Ba、Mn、Cu等微量元素。结果显示，Sr/Ba平均值为0.2790，最大值为2.31，Mn/Fe值为0.0093~0.0778，Sr/Ca值为0.0005~0.0414，表现为三角洲淡水沉积特征；Sr/Ba平均值小于1，Sr/Cu平均值为4.8758，8.1%样品的Sr/Cu值大于10，总体上反映了小河坝组沉积环境为温润潮湿的古气候环境。Abstract: Lower Silurian sandstone of the Xiaoheba formation in Southeastern Sichuan has a good reservoir seal combination, and an oil and gas geological condition, but the hypothesis that the sedimentary environment belongs to continental or marine sedimentary deltas remains a matter of debate. In order to solve this problem, 74 samples were collected from 9 typical sections. The elemental composition was determined by the trace element ratio method. Combined with the tectonic background and source characteristics, the sedimentary and paleoclimatic environment were discussed. X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF) was used to analyze Ba, Mn, Sr, Cu and other trace elements, which are useful in discriminating between the sea and land facies sedimentary environment. The results show that the average Sr/Ba value is 0.2790 with the maximum of 2.31, the Mn/Fe value is 0.0093 to 0.0778, and the Sr/Ca value is 0.0005 to 0.0414, typical of freshwater delta sedimentary characteristics. The average Sr/Ba is less than 1, the average Sr/Cu is 4.8758, and more than 8.1% samples have Sr/Cu values greater than 10, reflecting the warm, moist, ancient climate environment.
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表 1 元素XRF分析测试条件
Table 1. Analytical conditions of the elements by XRF
元素 晶体 检测器 测量角度
(°)测量时间
(s)电压
(kV)电流
(mA)脉冲高度调节 分析上限 分析下限 Ti-U LiF SC 10~90 240 40 95 25 75 K, Ca, Sn-Cs LiF FPC 90~140 150 40 95 25 75 Cl Ge FPC 90~96 18 40 95 25 75 S Ge FPC 108~114 18 40 95 25 75 P Ge FPC 138~144 18 40 95 25 75 Si PET FPC 106~112 18 40 95 25 75 Al PET FPC 142~148 18 40 95 25 75 Mg TAP FPC 42~48 18 40 95 25 75 Na TAP FPC 52~58 18 40 95 25 75 
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表 2 XRF法与化学分析法结果比较
Table 2. Comparison of analytical results between XRF and chemical methods
样品 分析方法 SiO2
(%)Al2O3
(%)Fe2O3
(%)CaO
(%)MnO
(%)BaO
(%)SrO
(%)HCC-S1X-2 压片法 78.20 13.30 3.04 3.15 0.19 0.07 0.02 化学法 78.15 13.20 3.02 3.12 0.17 0.07 0.02 HK-S1X-4 压片法 61.8023 16.5877 4.8052 7.4275 0.0950 0.0706 0.0383 化学法 61.7044 16.5426 4.7512 7.4177 0.0807 0.0655 0.0267 JZ-S1X-03 压片法 70.2663 17.1618 4.0065 0.3753 0.0947 0.0802 0.0059 化学法 70.2431 17.1446 4.0089 0.3917 0.0917 0.0601 0.0031 KP-S1X-3 压片法 72.0475 18.7829 4.7761 0.3927 0.0959 0.0426 0.0053 化学法 72.0876 18.7347 4.7226 0.3911 0.0853 0.0436 0.0051 SLB-S1X-9 压片法 71.6791 16.2985 3.6895 0.2511 0.0311 0.0976 0.0058 化学法 71.6603 16.2687 3.6367 0.2412 0.0304 0.0964 0.0053 注：HCC代表重庆武隆黄草场，HK代表重庆武隆浩口，JZ代表重庆石柱金竹，KP代表湖南花垣卡棚，SLB代表石柱双流坝。
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表 3 不同采样点元素比值平均值数据
Table 3. Data of average trace element ratios for different sampling point
采样地点 Mn/Fe Sr/Ba Sr/Ca Sr/Cu 黄草场 0.027806 0.211277 0.00959 3.726602 浩口 0.035684 0.82998 0.00722 14.69682 金山镇 0.022522 0.187635 0.013203 6.761095 金竹 0.027013 0.118283 0.019193 1.542298 卡棚 0.025147 0.109539 0.013158 0.57519 溶溪 0.022036 0.216467 0.014179 2.711468 双流坝 0.027497 0.083117 0.024333 1.852628 三泉 0.020757 0.215158 0.011712 4.01708 漆辽 0.01907 0.167818 0.014374 2.81459
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