Study on Selenium Content of Surface Soils in Longhai, Fujian and Its Influencing Factors
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摘要: 在龙海市土壤地球化学调查数据基础上，开展土壤硒含量特征、影响因素分析等项研究工作，可为研究区富硒土地资源开发提供依据。本文通过采用原子荧光光谱法（AFS）对福建省龙海市表层土壤4394件样品硒全量进行了分析测试，结果表明：龙海市表层土壤的硒含量为0.031~2.361 mg/kg，平均值为0.354 mg/kg，足硒、富硒土壤面积占全地区面积的88.69%。同时发现，成土母质、土地利用方式、土壤pH、有机质含量以及海拔高度是影响龙海市土壤硒含量的重要因素。火山凝灰岩区、花岗岩区成土母质发育的土壤硒含量较高；在不同土地利用方式中，林地土壤的硒含量最高，园地、耕地土壤的硒含量适中；土壤硒含量与有机质含量、海拔高度呈正相关，与pH呈负相关，说明在酸性、富含有机质的土壤环境中硒元素易于富集，尤其是高海拔的山地丘陵区土壤中硒的富集作用更加明显。本研究成果对龙海市土地的合理规划利用、富硒产业的科学发展具有重要价值。Abstract: Based on the data of geochemical soil surveys in Longhai, selenium content in soils and its influencing factors were investigated, which will provide information for the development of selenium-rich land resources. The total selenium contents of 4394 surface soil samples in Longhai, Fujian were analyzed by Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy (AFS). Results show that the total selenium concentrations in soils range from 0.031 to 2.361 mg/kg and the geometric mean is 0.354 mg/kg. The soil area of selenium-sufficient and selenium-rich accounts for 88.69% of Longhai City area. The results also indicate the parent materials, land use patterns, soil pH, organic matter and altitude were important influencing factors for selenium content. The contents of selenium in tuff and granite soils were higher than those in alluvium, diluvium and marine deposit. In different land use patterns, forest soils had the highest selenium content, and orchard soils and plough soils had moderate selenium content. The selenium content in surface soil had a significant positive correlation with altitude and organic matter and had a significantly negative correlation with soil pH, indicating that the selenium is enriched easily in acidic and organic matter-rich soils, especially in high altitude areas such as hilly areas with the obvious enrichment of selenium. This research provided valuable information for rational utilization of land and scientific development of the selenium-enriched industry.
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Key words:
- surface soil /
- content of selenium /
- influencing factors /
- coastal areas in Fujian
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表 1 土壤硒丰缺划分界限值
Table 1. Abundance and deficiency demarcation value of soil selenium
硒含量范围(mg/kg) 含量等级 土壤富硒水平 龙海土壤硒含量累频(%) < 0.125 缺乏 缺硒土壤 3.64 0.125~0.175 边缘 少硒土壤 7.67 0.175~0.4 适量 足硒土壤 52.46 0.4~3.0 高 富硒土壤 36.23 > 3.0 过剩 过量硒土壤 0 
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表 2 龙海市不同成土母质发育土壤的硒含量
Table 2. The selenium content in soil with different types of parent materials
主要成土母质类型 硒含量范围
(mg/kg)硒平均含量①
(mg/kg)样本数 花岗岩 0.066~1.050 0.360±0.178 1707 火山凝灰岩 0.103~1.400 0.472±0.166 249 冲、洪积物 0.126~0.623 0.255±0.115 84 海积物 0.058~0.691 0.259±0.081 286 注：① 平均值±标准差。
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表 3 龙海市表层土壤硒含量与pH值、有机质的相关性(n=4394)
Table 3. Correlationship between selenium content in surface soil and pH, organic matters
项目 硒 pH 有机质 硒 1 pH值 -0.377* 1 有机质 0.314* -0.115* 1 注：“*”为显著性水平(p＜0.01)。
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表 4 不同土地利用方式下龙海市表层土壤硒含量
Table 4. Selenium content in surface soil under different land use patterns in Longhai city
主要土地利用方式 硒含量范围
(mg/kg)硒平均含量①
(mg/kg)样本数 耕地 0.047~2.361 0.314±0.155 952 林地 0.057~1.433 0.435±0.193 561 园地 0.088~1.866 0.367±0.185 1713 草地 0.031~0.791 0.222±0.210 11 建设用地 0.039~0.671 0.277±0.131 116 注：① 平均值±标准差。
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