Fluid Inclusion and Sulfur Isotope Study on the Donggualin Gold Deposit in the Ailaoshan Gold Belt
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摘要: 流体包裹体和硫同位素研究可以揭示成矿流体特征和成矿物质来源，是探讨矿床成因的重要手段。冬瓜林金矿床位于哀牢山金矿带的镇沅金矿田，研究程度较低，矿床成因研究尚未系统开展。本文针对该矿床利用显微测温和硫同位素示踪，分别对两个金成矿阶段脉体中的流体包裹体和矿石中黄铁矿的硫同位素进行了测定，进而探讨其矿床成因。流体包裹体测试结果显示，流体体系为NaCl-H2O体系；包裹体的均一温度主要分布于100~400℃（有160~190℃和280~310℃两个峰值），盐度集中于6%~9%，密度集中于0.7~0.8 g/cm3和0.9~1.0 g/cm3，表明成矿流体为中低温度和低盐度的流体。硫同位素测试结果显示，两个金成矿阶段的δ34S值分别集中于0~1‰和-4.7‰~3‰，整体上与该矿床最主要的矿石——煌斑岩型矿石的δ34S值最为接近，且矿床中煌斑岩和金矿化关系最为密切，因此成矿物质可能主要来自与煌斑岩有关的幔源物质，但受到地壳物质的混染。综合上述结果认为，冬瓜林金矿床的形成可能与幔源含金流体有关，但有大气降水和围岩的加入，这一结论为揭示本矿床及哀牢山金矿带的矿床成因研究提供了重要依据。Abstract: Fluid inclusions and sulfur isotopes can reveal the characteristics of ore-forming fluid and the origin of ore-forming materials, which are important indicators for ore genesis. The Donggualin gold deposit is located in the Zhenyuan gold orefield of the Ailaoshan gold belt. Only a few studies have been carried out on this deposit and thus the ore genesis remains unsolved. Microthermometry of fluid inclusion in veins from two mineralization stages and sulfur isotope analyses of pyrite from ores has been studied, in order to unravel the ore genesis. Fluid inclusion results show that the ore-forming fluids belong mainly to the NaCl-H2O system and the homogenization temperatures range from 100℃ to 400℃, with two peak values of 160-190℃ and 280-310℃. The salinities peak at 6%-9% NaCleqv. The densities have two peaks of 0.7-0.8 g/cm3 and 0.9-1.0 g/cm3. These results suggest that the gold-forming fluids are characterized by mid-low temperature and low salinity. The δ34S values of pyrite from the two stages are 0-1‰ and -4.7‰-3‰, respectively, which are generally consistent with those of the lamprophyre wallrock (-0.44‰-0.54‰). The lamprophyre is very close to gold mineralization and lamprophyre-hosted ore is the most common. It can be inferred that the ore materials are probably related to the lamprophyre derived from mantle related to minor crustal contamination. In conclusion, the Donggualin deposit was possibly formed by mantle-derived gold-bearing fluids involved in meteoric water and wall rocks. This research provides an important clue for the ore genesis of the Donggualin gold deposit and gold deposits in the Ailaoshan gold belt.
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Key words:
- Donggualin gold deposit /
- fluid inclusion /
- sulfur isotope /
- mantle-derived fluid /
- microthermometry
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表 1 冬瓜林金矿床主要成矿阶段流体包裹体的显微测温结果
Table 1. Microthermometric properties of fluid inclusions from major mineralization stages in Donggualin gold deposit
样品
编号热液活动
阶段寄主
矿物均一温度范围
(℃)测试数
(个)均一温度
平均值(℃)冰点温度范围
(℃)测试数
(个)盐度范围
(%NaCleq)样品
编号0样品
编号1D-1 Q 327 1 327 - - - - D-10 D14 Q 297~(＞550) 2 307.5 -5.7~-4.7 2 7.5~8.8 2 D140 D29-2 Q 337~342 2 339.5 -6.5 1 9.9 1 D29-20 D31-2 Q 340~399 6 380.33 -5.1~-4.9 2 7.7~8.0 2 D31-20 D32-1 Cal 247~307 6 274.7 -4.2~-3.1 3 5.1~6.7 3 D32-10 D33-4 Ⅱ Q, Cal 280~(＞550) 9 315.7 -5.2~-4.8 5 7.5~8.0 D33-40 D33-41 G-6 Cal 284~289 2 286.5 -5.4 1 8.4 1 G-60 G-10 Q 298~324 3 310 -4.3 1 6.9 1 G-100 G-18 Q 248~319 5 291.8 -5.4~-4.4 2 7.0~8.4 2 G-180 G-24 Q 352~396 5 379.6 -7.6~-6.6 3 10.0~11.2 3 G-240 G-31 Q 281~(＞550) 2 294.5 -3.7 1 6.0 1 G-310 D-5 Q 118~275 22 171.4 -8.5~-4.1 15 6.6-12.6 15 D-50 D-09 Q 113~203 38 163.6 -6.6~-2.0 12 3.4~10.0 12 D-090 D34-3 Ⅲ Q, Cal 171~292 13 229.7 -5.7~-4.3 4 6.9~8.3 D34-30 D34-31 G-9 Q 127~189 23 164.2 -5.6~-0.5 21 8.7~0.9 21 G-90 G-25 Cal, Q 172~302 6 193.0 -3.5~-2.7 4 4.45~5.7 4 G-250 注：Q—石英，Cal—方解石；“-”表示未能测试出或计算出的数据；“＞550”表示测试时均一温度超过550℃, 此类数据未统计和计算在内。 
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表 2 冬瓜林金矿床硫同位素分析结果
Table 2. δ34S values of S isotope in samples from Donggualin gold deposit
样品编号 热液活
动阶段δ34S测试值
(‰)δ34S平均值
(‰)样品名称 数据
来源G-5 Ⅱ 0.622 0.794 含矿碳酸盐
硫化物脉本文
1*D-23-1 0.851 D-28-1 0.910 G-1
Ⅲ2.685
-0.380
含矿硫化
物脉G-3 1.297 L1633 S32-5 -4.700
本文
2*L1633 1236 -0.800 LTZ25 / 0.540 -0.007 煌斑岩型矿石 文献
[21]LTZ29 -0.120 LTZ-2 -0.440 SBT1 / 0.90 -1.348 变石英杂
砂岩型矿石镇沅金矿
田冬瓜林
矿段详细
普查地质
报告
(1993)LTZ27 -6.79 LTZ-4 -0.86 LRZ1 -0.17 LRZ2 0.18 StW4 / -2.23 -2.440 花岗斑岩型
矿石SRZ1 -1.65 SRZ10 -3.44 SRZ9 / -0.75 -1.704 绢云硅质
板岩型矿石LTZ30 0.16 DF4 0.15 DF6 -3.23 LTZ-6 -5.57 STW17 -3.26 绢云硅质板岩型
矿石(灰岩型)LTZ26 0.57 LTZ34 / -8.38 -0.803 围岩(灰岩)
围岩(杂砂岩)围岩(灰岩)LTZ36 4.04 LTZ37 6.70 LTZ-8 / -5.57 -0.803 围岩(含碳绢云
硅质板岩)文献
[21]注：本文1*数据测定单位为中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所岩石圈演化国家重点实验室稳定同位素实验室； 本文2*数据测试单位为中国地质科学院国土资源部同位素实验室； “/”表示前人无此项说明。
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