Study on Microstructure and Elements in the Sandstone of the Shendong Coal Field, Inner Mongolia by SEM-EDX
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摘要: 神东矿区砂岩地层中存在大量的结构面，这种结构面的存在会对岩层的力学性能、超声波传播、破坏形式以及力的传递等都有显著的影响，但是结构面的微观结构及元素特征是其主要原因之一。本文以布尔台煤矿、大柳塔煤矿和补连塔煤矿地层砂岩中的结构面为研究对象，采用FEI-SEM扫描电镜和能谱仪对不同类型结构面的微观结构和元素特征进行了研究。结果表明：神东矿区砂岩中的结构面可以分为两大类(Ⅰ和Ⅱ)，其中Ⅰ类又可以分为三个亚类(Ⅰ1、Ⅰ2、Ⅰ3)；Ⅰ类主要含有煤，Ⅱ类主要含有白云母。Ⅰ1和Ⅱ类结构面颗粒感不明显，颗粒边界不清晰，Ⅰ2和Ⅰ3类结构面颗粒感比较明显，颗粒边界比较清晰。Ⅰ1、Ⅰ2、Ⅰ3和Ⅱ类型结构面的孔隙直径和裂隙长度(μm)分别为2.1、81.8、8.9、38.8、4.5、143.7和3.8、13.8。Ⅰ1类结构面主要组成元素是C、O、Si、Al、K、Ti和Fe；Ⅰ2类结构面主要为C；Ⅰ3类结构面主要为C、O、Si、Al、K和Mg；Ⅱ类结构面的主要元素有C、O、Si、Al、K和Ti。神东矿区地层中结构面主要元素为C和O，两种类型的微观结构存在差异。研究结果有助于进一步揭示神东矿区顶板动力灾害及台阶下沉等现象。Abstract: The sandstone strata in the Shendong coal field have lots of structural planes, which has a significant influence on the mechanical properties, ultrasonic wave propagation, failure mode and force transfer of the strata. The structural plane in the sandstone strata of the Buertai, Daliuta, Bulianta mine was chosen as the research object, and their microstructure and element characteristics were studied by using FEI-SEM and Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (EDXRF). Results show that the structural planes in sandstone of the Shendong coal field can be divided into two types (Ⅰ and Ⅱ), with Ⅰ being further divided into three subgroups (Ⅰ1, Ⅰ2, Ⅰ3). TypeⅠ mainly contains coal, whereas typeⅡ mainly contains muscovite. TypesⅠ1 and Ⅱ structural plane particles are not obvious and the particle boundaries are not clear. But the particles of typeⅠ2 and Ⅰ3 structure planes are more obvious with much clearer particle boundaries. The pore diameter and fracture length of typeⅠ1 structure plane are 2.1 μm and 81.8 μm, respectively, whereas those for typeⅠ2 structure plane are 8.9 μm and 38.8 μm, respectively. The pore diameter and fracture length of typeⅠ3 structure plane are 4.5 μm and 143.7 μm, whereas those for typeⅡ structure plane were 3.8 μm and 13.8 μm, respectively. The main elements of typeⅠ1 structure plane are C, O, Si, Al, K, Ti and Fe, whereas the main elements of Ⅰ2 structure plane is C. The main elements of Ⅰ3 structural plane are C, O, Si, Al, K and Mg. The main elements of typeⅡ structural plane are C, O, Si, Al, K and Ti. Therefore, C and O are the main elements of the structural planes in the strata of the Shendong coal field. The microstructures of the two types of structural planes are different. The results are helpful to further reveal the roof dynamic disaster and step subsidence in the Shendong coal field.
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Key words:
- structural plane /
- microstructure /
- pore /
- element characteristics /
- Shendong coal field
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表 1 不同类型结构面孔裂隙特征
Table 1. Pore and fracture characteristics of different type of structural planes
类型 裂隙长度(μm) 孔隙直径(μm) 孔裂隙面积百分比(%) 平均值 标准偏差 平均值 标准偏差 500倍 2000倍 Ⅰ1类 81.8 59.8 2.1 1.3 7.0 8.3 Ⅰ2类 38.8 34.1 8.9 8.8 29.7 19.8 Ⅰ3类 143.7 95.6 3.3 4.5 7.7 7.3 Ⅱ类 13.8 6.5 6.4 3.8 8.0 7.8 
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表 2 不同类型结构面元素质量和原子半定量分析
Table 2. Qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of elements with different type of structural planes
元素 Ⅰ1类 Ⅰ2类 Ⅰ3类 Ⅱ类 质量百分比(%) 原子百分比(%) 质量百分比(%) 原子百分比(%) 质量百分比(%) 原子百分比(%) 质量百分比(%) 原子百分比(%) C 48.32 60.99 86.19 89.26 9.87 18.19 12.40 20.08 O 29.46 27.91 13.81 10.74 18.22 25.19 39.36 47.84 Si 11.98 6.46 - - 51.03 40.20 26.53 18.37 Al 5.76 3.24 - - 16.91 13.87 14.98 10.80 K 1.37 0.53 - - 3.05 1.72 1.87 0.93 Mg - - - - 0.92 0.84 - - Ti 0.54 0.17 - - - - 4.87 1.98 Fe 2.58 0.70 - - - - - -
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表 3 不同类型结构面X射线能谱特征分析结果
Table 3. Analytical results of X-ray energy spectrum characteristics of different type of structural planes
结构面类型 矿物 原子百分比(%) 元素含量(%) 分析点位 Ⅰ1类 碳 C:87.21
O:12.79C:83.65
O:16.35
Ⅰ1类 碳高岭石 C:71.57
O:21.63
Si:4.17
Al:2.63C:61.68
O:24.83
Si:8.41
Al:5.08
Ⅰ2类 碳 C:92.57
O:7.43C:90.34
O:9.66
Ⅰ2类 碳 C:92.76
O:7.24C:90.58
O:9.42
Ⅰ3类 碳高岭石 C:67.52
O:23.90
Si:5.06
Al:3.51C:56.69
O:26.74
Si:9.94
Al:6.63
Ⅰ3类 碳 C:82.58
O:17.42C:78.07
O:21.93
Ⅱ类 长石 Si:36.08
O:45.83
K:7.68
Al:10.41Si:43.53
O:31.50
K:12.90
Al:12.07
Ⅱ类 石英 Si:63.08
O:36.92Si:63.08
O:36.92
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