Application of the Automated Mineral Identification and Characterization System (AMICS) in the Identification of Rare Earth and Rare Minerals
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摘要: 云南武定迤纳厂铁-铜-稀土矿床是我国扬子地块西南缘具有代表性的元古代铁-铜-稀土矿床之一，矿床中除Fe、Cu外，还伴生REEs、Nb、Co、Mo、Au、U等元素。由于矿石矿物组成复杂，并且稀土、稀有矿物结晶粒度细小、嵌布特征复杂，使用传统的测试技术很难准确地识别鉴定，因此该矿床中稀土、稀有（铌）矿物的赋存状态研究一直较为薄弱。本文应用目前国际上矿物与地质行业先进的矿物自动分析系统——矿物表征自动定量分析系统（AMICS），结合扫描电镜-能谱仪（SEM-EDS）显微结构原位分析技术，实现了常规岩矿鉴定手段难以完成的矿物定量识别和鉴定，准确地测定了武定迤纳厂铁-铜-稀土矿床脉状矿石中矿物种类及其含量，在脉状矿石发现了含量可观的氟碳钙铈矿（0.82%）和少量的含铌金红石（0.02%）等稀土稀有矿物。研究表明，除了铁氧化物成矿阶段，在铜硫化物成矿阶段也伴随有稀土成矿作用，因此可将主矿化期划分为铁氧化物-稀土矿化阶段（Ⅱ-1）和铜硫化物（-金）-稀土矿化阶段（Ⅱ-2）。研究成果为矿石中稀土、稀有金属等战略矿产资源的综合利用及矿床的进一步研究提供了可靠的数据，同时建立了一套先进、实用的岩石矿物鉴定技术，可望在地质、勘探、资源的有效利用等领域得到更广泛应用。Abstract: The Yinachang Fe-Cu-REE deposit is one of the representative Proterozoic Fe-Cu-REE deposits in central Yunnan, at the southwestern margin of the Yangtze Block, China. Beside Fe and Cu, there are REEs, Nb, Mo, Co, Au, U and other elements in the ores. The study on the occurences of rare earth minerals and rare minerals is very weak. It is difficult to identify precisely using the traditional testing techniques and methods due to the relatively complex mineral composition, the small size and the complex dissemination characteristics of rare earth minerals and rare minerals in ores. In order to explore the occurrences of rare earth minerals and rare minerals, the Automated Mineral Identification and Characterization System (AMICS) was used. This system is the most up-to-date mineral automatic analysis system in mineralogy and geology in the world. Combined with the Scanning Electron Microscope and X-ray Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (SEM-EDS) microstructure in-situ analysis technique, this system was used to determine the species and contents of minerals in vein ores from the Yinachang Fe-Cu-REE deposit. The quantitative mineral identification, which was difficult to achieve by conventional means of rock-mineral identification, have been completed. The results show that there are 0.82% parasites and 0.02% Nb-bearing rutiles in the vein ores. Both of the iron oxides and copper sulfides mineralization stages are associated with REE mineralization in this deposit. Two main mineralization stages are identified, i.e., the Fe-REE mineralization stage (Ⅱ-1) and Cu (-Au)-REE mineralization stage (Ⅱ-2). This study provides accurate and reliable evidence for the comprehensive utilization of rare earth and rare metal resources and the further study of Fe-Cu-REE deposits. An advanced and practical technical method of rock-mineral identification was established, which is expected to be more widely used in fields such as geology, exploration and effective utilization of mineral resources.
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表 1 武定迤纳厂铁-铜-稀土矿床矿石样品AMICS矿物定量检测结果
Table 1. Quantitative composition of the Sample YNC1-1-1 by AMICS from the Yinachang Fe-Cu-REE deposit
矿物名称 质量分数(%) 面积百分比(%) 面积(μm2) 矿物颗粒数 相对误差 矿物标准分子式 石英 34.38 36.90 7500209.93 26069 0.01 SiO2 方解石 35.81 36.84 7487643.98 21315 0.01 CaCO3 绿泥石 24.17 21.24 4317504.81 39607 0.01 Fe32+Mg1.5AlFe0.53+Si3AlO12(OH)6 氟碳钙铈矿 1.28 0.82 167615.90 5255 0.03 CaCe1.1La0.9(CO3)3F2 黑云母 0.87 0.79 160222.11 450 0.09 KMg2.5Fe0.52+AlSi3O10(OH)1.75F0.25 萤石 0.70 0.63 128600.05 2776 0.04 CaF2 黄铁矿 1.00 0.56 114151.95 3593 0.03 FeS2 绿帘石 0.56 0.45 91840.77 3048 0.04 Ca2FeFeAl(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) 钠长石 0.24 0.26 53234.30 468 0.09 Na0.95Ca0.05Al1.05Si2.95O8 褐帘石 0.32 0.24 48501.47 3669 0.03 La0.5Ce0.5Ca0.5Y0.5Al2Fe(SiO4)3(OH) 黄铜矿 0.27 0.18 36844.15 852 0.07 CuFeS2 铁白云石 0.07 0.07 13484.56 133 0.17 CaFe0.62+Mg0.3Mn0.12+(CO3)2 磷灰石 0.02 0.02 4078.82 60 0.26 Ca5(PO4)3(OH)F 金红石 0.02 0.02 3135.25 159 0.16 TiO2 辉石 < 0.01 < 0.01 688.96 15 0.52 Ca0.9Na0.1Mg0.9Fe0.22+Al0.4Ti0.1Si1.9O6 锆石 < 0.01 < 0.01 184.72 10 0.63 Zr(SiO4) 重晶石 < 0.01 < 0.01 44.93 3 1.15 BaSO4 未知 0.27 0.38 76973.31 5780 0.03 - 孔隙 - 0.58 118515.33 6188 0.02 - 合计 99.98 99.98 20323475.30 119450 - - 
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