Research on Geochemical Characteristics of Soil in a Chemical Industrial Factory Site in Jinan City
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摘要: 随着我国城市产业布局升级，高污染、高能耗的化工企业被关停或搬离，研究这些企业遗留地块土壤的地球化学特征对污染场地风险管控具有重要的现实意义。本文在济南市某废弃化工厂原厂区采集了100件土壤样品，测试SiO2、Al2O3、CaO、Fe2O3、K2O、MgO、Na2O、As、Ba、Br、Ce、Cl、Co、Cu、Ga、Hf、La、Mn、Nb、Nd、Ni、P、Pb、Rb、S、Sc、Sr、Th、Ti、V、Y、Zn、Zr、Cr、Cr（Ⅵ）、铬形态、pH值、有机质等42项指标，研究厂区土壤中元素的地球化学特征。结果表明：研究区土壤中的总铬量在1025~2450 mg/kg，Cr（Ⅵ）含量在557.0~996.5 mg/kg，Cr（Ⅵ）含量占总铬量的46.77%。在0~80 cm深度内，总铬、Cr（Ⅵ）含量随深度的变化并不明显。随着深度增加，离子交换态铬占总铬的比例有逐渐降低的趋势，而残渣态铬占总铬的比例增大。土壤的总铬含量与pH值呈线性负相关，相关系数为-0.8470，而Cr（Ⅵ）与有机质、pH值相关性均不显著。聚类分析发现Cr元素的来源单独成为一类，主要为化工厂长期堆放大量铬渣引起的人为污染所致，其他组分与全国土壤、黄淮海平原土壤则有着相似的自然源。Abstract: With the upgrade of urban industrial distribution, high pollution and energy-intensive companies were closed and moved. It is of great importance to investigate the geochemical characteristics of these abandoned soils for risk control of polluted sites. 100 soil samples at the site of a former chemical industrial factory in Jinan were collected and 42 indices, including concentration of total Cr, Cr(Ⅵ) and pH were analyzed to understand the geochemical characteristics of the site. Results show that total Cr concentration of the collected samples was 1025-2450 mg/kg and Cr(Ⅵ) concentration was 557.0-996.5 mg/kg (46.77% of the total Cr). At soil depth ranging from 0 to 80 cm, concentration change of total Cr and Cr(Ⅵ) was not significant. With the increase of soil depth, proportion of exchangeable Cr tended to decrease while residue Cr tended to increase. Total Cr concentration showed negative correlation with pH value while Cr(Ⅵ) did not show significant correlation with pH value. Cluster analysis demonstrated that the source of Cr in the site soil was different from that of other elements, which was mainly caused by the man-made pollution due to long-term heaps of chromium slag at the chemical plant. The other components had similar natural sources to the soil in the country and the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.
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Key words:
- geochemical characteristics /
- total Cr /
- Cr (Ⅵ) /
- soil /
- cluster analysis /
- chemical industrial factory
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表 1 污染场地土壤铬形态分析数据统计
Table 1. Concentrations of different forms of Cr in polluted soil
采样编号 Cr含量(mg/kg) 离子交换态 碳酸盐结合态 铁锰氧化物结合态 有机结合态 残渣态 A1 606.5 39.72 88.72 97.28 465.0 B1 651.8 49.52 96.76 99.80 443.6 C1 557.8 47.80 99.92 112.8 480.8 D1 559.5 63.72 160.6 206.4 726.8 A2 538.5 48.08 117.1 128.4 546.0 B2 561.2 55.72 139.8 164.3 644.6 C2 590.5 52.64 122.3 154.6 638.1 D2 658.5 61.88 176.9 237.0 893.9 A3 586.0 52.72 89.04 101.2 453.0 B3 595.0 60.6 164.2 199.4 764.0 最大值 658.5 63.72 176.9 237.0 893.9 最小值 538.5 39.72 88.72 97.28 443.6 平均值 590.5 53.24 125.5 150.1 605.6 变异系数(%) 6.74 13.98 26.31 33.63 25.46 注：采样编号中的1、2、3代表采样点1、采样点2、采样点3；A是0~20 cm土壤层，B是20~40 cm土壤层，C是40~60 cm土壤层，D是60~80 cm土壤层。 
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表 2 污染场地土壤的常量、微量组分数据统计分析
Table 2. Statistical analysis of constant and trace components in polluted soil
组分 含量(mg/kg) 变异系数 背景值(mg/kg) 超背景值倍数 最大值 最小值 平均值 SiO2 51.52 49.05 50.34 1.59 64.87 0.78 Al2O3 13.06 12.74 12.89 0.79 12.84 1 CaO 7.35 6.91 7.09 2.1 4.1 1.73 Fe2O3 5.48 5.18 5.33 1.59 4.64 1.15 K2O 2.756 2.649 2.69 1.16 2.34 1.15 MgO 2.54 2.5 2.52 0.59 1.88 1.34 Na2O 1.612 1.493 1.57 2.43 1.7 0.92 As 13 11.3 12.02 4.57 11 1.09 Ba 507.6 490.5 497.43 1.1 535 0.93 Br 4.3 2.9 3.7 14.13 3 1.23 Ce 84.4 80 82.45 1.75 1.4 58.89 Cl 206.6 167.1 185.46 6.32 215 0.86 Rb 94.1 56.4 68.87 20.45 100 0.69 S 687.6 336.5 477.3 25.93 140 3.41 Sc 15.5 13.3 14.42 4.46 10 1.44 Sr 168.1 151.1 156.6 3.56 175 0.9 Th 17.9 11.6 15.23 14.58 11 1.39 Ti 3785 3722 3752 0.63 3845 0.98 Co 18.4 15.3 17.18 5.85 12 1.43 Cr 1975 1350 1642.5 15.22 66 24.89 Cu 33.7 30.3 32.12 2.81 23 1.4 Ga 15.1 10 11.69 16.29 14.8 0.79 Hf 3.7 1.8 2.63 31.87 7.7 0.34 La 41.4 24.7 34.6 14.65 35 0.99 Mn 973.1 783.7 869.66 8.09 705 1.23 Nb 17.2 12.8 15.68 8.12 14.8 1.06 Nd 35 20.3 28.22 14.49 26 1.09 Ni 34.2 22.2 26.26 15.43 32 0.82 P 652.4 628.6 644.26 1.06 515 1.25 Pb 27.7 20.3 24.64 9.55 22 1.12 V 84.3 81.5 82.99 1.09 82 1.01 Y 21.1 12.7 15.56 19.48 26 0.6 Zn 458.5 105.5 275.8 52.22 62 4.45 Zr 133.7 115.4 122.18 4.59 230 0.53 pH 8.40 7.86 8.12 2.28 / / 有机质 9.29 7.28 8.06 7.54 13.4 0.6 注：有机质的背景值为山东省土壤背景值，数据来源于《山东省耕地质量提升——土壤改良修复实施方案(2016—2020年)》；其他指标的背景值指黄淮海平原土壤背景值[12]。SiO2、Al2O3、CaO、Fe2O3、K2O、MgO、Na2O、有机质的单位是%。
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