Distribution Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Soils of the Anhui Section of the Huaihe River Basin
-
摘要: 通过有限的土壤监测点位如何科学地反映一个区域的土壤环境质量，是目前土壤环境监测领域研究的一个主要方向。本文以淮河流域安徽段为研究区域，针对5个主要土壤污染类型在连续五年内开展了土壤环境质量监测，监测项目为土壤中Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni等8种重金属元素，采用单项污染指数和内梅罗污染指数法对426个监测点位评价，采用克里金插值法绘出区域土壤中各重金属元素分布图。从评价结果来看，淮河流域安徽段土壤环境质量总体较为安全，96.48%的调查地块属于清洁和尚清洁水平，但是个别点位超标严重；从评价区域中重金属分布情况来看，各重金属总体含量均较低，局部区域略高。本文采用分类型专项监测的方法，探讨通过土壤点位监测结果反映区域分布特征，具有重要的应用意义，该方法适用于对大区域土壤环境质量的初步调查研究。Abstract: How to scientifically reflect the soil environmental quality of a large area through limited soil point monitoring is a major direction of current research. The Huaihe River Basin in Anhui Province was selected as the study area and soil environmental quality monitoring for five major soil pollution types during five consecutive years was conducted. The monitoring project includes Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn and Ni in the soil. The single pollution index and Nemerow pollution index methods were used to evaluate 426 monitoring sites. The Kriging interpolation method was used to plot the distribution of heavy metal elements in regional soil. In general, the soil environmental quality of the Anhui section of the Huaihe River Basin is relatively safe according to the evaluation results. 96.48% of the surveyed sites belong to clean and relatively clean levels, but some sites were severe. According to the distribution of heavy metal elements in the evaluation area, the overall content is low and the local area is slightly higher. The method of special type monitoring was applied and the characteristics of regional distribution through soil point monitoring results are discussed. The proposed method has great application potential. This method is suitable for preliminary investigation and research of large-scale environmental quality of soil.
-
-
表 1 土壤监测结果统计
Table 1. Statistics of soil monitoring results
项目 无污染 轻微污染 轻度污染 中度污染 重度污染 样品数量 总超标率(%) 个数 比例(%) 个数 比例(%) 个数 比例(%) 个数 比例(%) 个数 比例(%) Cd 419 98.4 7 1.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 426 1.6 Hg 422 99.1 4 0.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 426 0.9 As 415 97.4 9 2.1 0 0 2 0.5 0 0 426 2.6 Pb 419 98.4 7 1.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 426 1.6 Cr 426 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 426 0.0 Cu 417 97.9 8 1.9 1 0.2 0 0 0 0 426 2.1 Zn 395 97.8 5 1.2 2 0.5 2 0.5 0 0 404 2.2 Ni 402 97.1 12 2.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 414 2.9 综合 398 93.4 23 5.4 3 0.7 2 0.5 0 0 426 6.6 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 五种土壤污染类型监测结果统计
Table 2. Monitoring results of the five soil pollution types
土壤污染类型 无污染 轻微污染 轻度污染 中度污染 重度污染 超标率(%) 个数 % 个数 % 个数 % 个数 % 个数 % 国控重点污染源周边场地 26 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 基本农田区 106 96.4 4 3.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.6 蔬菜种植基地 110 95.7 4 3.5 1 0.9 0 0 0 0 4.3 集中式饮用水水源地 56 80.0 13 18.6 1 1.4 0 0 0 0 20 规模畜禽养殖场周边 100 95.2 2 1.9 1 1.0 2 1.9 0 0 4.8 合计 398 93.4 23 5.4 3 0.7 2 0.5 0 0 6.6
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 五种土壤污染类型内梅罗污染指数评价结果统计
Table 3. The evaluation results of the Nemerow index for five soil pollution types
土壤污染类型 内梅罗污染指数评价类型 清洁(%) 尚清洁(%) 轻度污染(%) 中度污染(%) 重度污染(%) 国控重点污染源周边场地 96.15 3.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 基本农田区 89.09 10.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 蔬菜种植基地 88.70 9.57 1.74 0.00 0.00 集中式饮用水水源地 17.14 70.00 12.86 0.00 0.00 规模畜禽养殖场周边 90.48 5.71 1.90 1.90 0.00 合计 77.93 18.54 3.05 0.47 0.00
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 陆泗进, 何立环.浅谈我国土壤环境质量监测[J].环境监测管理与技术, 2013, 25(3):6-8. https://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/d8b21410b307e87101f696ec.html
Lu S J, He L H.On the developing of soil environmental monitoring in China[J].The Administration and Technique of Environmental Monitoring, 2013, 25(3):6-8. https://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/d8b21410b307e87101f696ec.html
[2] 中国环境监测总站.土壤环境监测技术[M].北京:中国环境出版社, 2013.
China National Environmental Monitoring Centre.Soil Environmental Monitoring Technology[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press, 2013.
[3] 陆泗进, 王业耀, 何立环.中国土壤环境调查、评价与监测[J].中国环境监测, 2014, 30(6):19-26. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zghjjc201406003
Lu S J, Wang Y Y, He L H.Soil environmental quality survey and monitoring in China[J].Environmental Monitoring in China, 2014, 30(6):19-26. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zghjjc201406003
[4] 王业耀, 赵晓军, 何立环.我国土壤环境质量监测技术路线研究[J].中国环境监测, 2012, 28(3):116-120. https://mall.cnki.net/lunwen-1012360808.html
Wang Y Y, Zhao X J, He L H.The research of technique route for national soil environment monitoring[J].Environmental Monitoring in China, 2012, 28(3):116-120. https://mall.cnki.net/lunwen-1012360808.html
[5] 白雪, 邵超峰, 陆文涛, 等.工业企业集聚区周边土壤环境质量综合评价指标体系与分区管理对策研究[J].环境污染与防治, 2014, 36(9):93-99. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-SXHS201501004.htm
Bai X, Shao C F, Lu W T, et al.Study on the industrial agglomeration areas' soil environmental quality compre-hensive evaluation indicator system and partition management strategy[J].Soil Environmental Quality Indicator Management Strategy, 2014, 36(9):93-99. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-SXHS201501004.htm
[6] 巩玉玲, 冯永军.中外土壤环境监测技术应用与发展状况[J].安徽农业科学, 2014, 42(19):6229-6230. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2014.19.044
Gong Y L, Feng Y J.Application and development of soil environment monitoring technology in China and foreign countries[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 42(19):6229-6230. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2014.19.044
[7] 陆泗进, 王业耀, 何立环.湖南省某冶炼厂周边农田土壤重金属污染及生态风险评价[J].中国环境监测, 2015, 31(3):77-83. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-IAOB201503016.htm
Lu S J, Wang Y Y, He L H.Heavy metal pollution and ecological risk assessment of the paddy soils near a smelting area in Hunan Province[J].Environmental Monitoring in China, 2015, 31(3):77-83. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-IAOB201503016.htm
[8] 王婕, 刘桂建, 方婷, 等.基于污染负荷指数法评价淮河(安徽段)底泥中重金属污染研究[J].中国科学技术大学学报, 2013, 43(2):97-103. http://mall.cnki.net/magazine/article/ZKJD201302003.htm
Wang J, Liu G J, Fang T, et al.Assessment of pollution characteristics of heavy metals in the sediments of Huaihe River (Anhui Section) by pollution load index[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology of China, 2013, 43(2):97-103. http://mall.cnki.net/magazine/article/ZKJD201302003.htm
[9] 安徽省环境科学研究院. 安徽省淮河流域水环境综合治理总体方案[R]. 2009.
https://wenku.baidu.com/view/51a1998dcc22bcd126ff0c48.html Anhui Academy of Environmental Sciences. General Scheme of Water Environment Comprehensive Management in Huaihe River Basin of Anhui Province[R]. 2009.
[10] 齐翠翠, 潘成荣, 匡武, 等.淮河安徽段跨界突发性水污染事故应急处理机制探讨[J].安徽农业科学, 2014, 42(12):3650-3651. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2014.12.070
Qi C C, Pan C R, Kuang W, et al.Discussion on emergency treatment mechanism of transboundary sudden water pollution accident in Anhui section of Huaihe[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 42(12):3650-3651. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2014.12.070
[11] 安徽省地方志编撰委员会办公室. 安徽省志·环境志[M]. 2016.
Compilatory Commission of Anhui Chorography. Chorography of Anhui Province-Ecological Environment[M]. 2016.
[12] 喻超, 智云宝, 代杰瑞, 等.山东省威海市区域地质背景下土壤Cd的地球化学特征[J].物探与化探, 2014, 38(5):1076-1084. doi: 10.11720/wtyht.2014.5.36
Yu C, Zhi Y B, Dai J R, et al.Geochemical characteristics of Cd in soils based on regional geological background in Shandong Province[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2014, 38(5):1076-1084. doi: 10.11720/wtyht.2014.5.36
[13] 赵庆令, 李清彩, 谢江坤, 等.应用富集系数法和地累积指数法研究济宁南部区域土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J].岩矿测试, 2015, 34(1):129-137. http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/article/doi/10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.2015.01.017
Zhao Q L, Li Q C, Xie J K, et al.Characteristics of soil heavy metal pollution and its ecological risk assessment in South Jining district using methods of enrichment factor and index of geoaccumulation[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2015, 34(1):129-137. http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/article/doi/10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.2015.01.017
[14] 孙鹏, 李艳伟, 张连科, 等.包头市典型工业区表层土壤中重金属污染状况及其潜在生态风险研究[J].岩矿测试, 2016, 35(4):433-439. http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/article/doi/10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.2016.04.016
Sun P, Li Y W, Zhang L K, et al.Heavy metal pollution in topsoil from the Baotou industry area and its potential ecological risk evaluation[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2016, 35(4):433-439. http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/article/doi/10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.2016.04.016
[15] 王显炜, 孟秦宇, 闫江涛, 等.应用地球化学资料评价陕西某区土壤环境质量[J].黄金, 2017, 38(2):70-73. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/huangj201702017
Wang X W, Meng Q Y, Yan J T, et al.Application of geochemical data in the assessment of soil environment quality in a region of Shaanxi[J].Gold, 2017, 38(2):70-73. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/huangj201702017
[16] 陈惠芳, 李艳, 吴豪翔, 等.富阳市不同类型农田土壤重金属变异特征及风险评价[J].生态与农村环境学报, 2013, 29(2):164-169. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=ncsthj201302005
Chen H F, Li Y, Wu H X, et al.Characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metals pollution of farmland soils relative to type of land use[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2013, 29(2):164-169. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=ncsthj201302005
[17] 宋恒飞, 吴克宁, 刘霈珈.土壤重金属污染评价方法研究进展[J].江苏农业科学, 2017, 45(15):11-14. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/kcydz201102017
Song H F, Wu K N, Liu P J.Progress on evaluation method of soil heavy metal contamination[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 45(15):11-14. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/kcydz201102017
[18] 李小曼, 徐梦洁, 刘勤, 等.小尺度区域重金属含量空间插值方法比较——以Hg元素为例[J].江苏农业科学, 2015, 43(12):426-430. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-JSNY201512131.htm
Li X M, Xu M J, Liu Q, et al.Comparison of spatial interpolation methods for heavy metal content in small scale regions-Take Hg element as an example[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2015, 43(12):426-430. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-JSNY201512131.htm
[19] 冯玲, 张威, 修光利, 等.三江源区玉树县和玛多县土壤Hg含量分布特征[J].生态与农村环境学报, 2014, 30(2):262-267. http://industry.wanfangdata.com.cn/yj/Detail/Periodical?id=Periodical_ncsthj201402020
Feng L, Zhang W, Xiu G L, et al.Distribution of mercury in soil of Yushu and Maduo in the Three Rivers Source Region[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2014, 30(2):262-267. http://industry.wanfangdata.com.cn/yj/Detail/Periodical?id=Periodical_ncsthj201402020
[20] 王超, 王纪华, 陆安祥, 等.土壤重金属分布空间插值方法的优选——以湖南某地土壤重金属Cd的分布为例[J].吉林农业, 2015(21):74-75. https://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/be2bd3d410a6f524cdbf858b.html
Wang C, Wang J H, Lu A X, et al.Optimization of spatial interpolation method for soil heavy metal distribution-The distribution of heavy metal Cd in a soil in Hunan[J].Jilin Agriculture, 2015(21):74-75. https://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/be2bd3d410a6f524cdbf858b.html
[21] 姜红, 玉素甫江·如素力, 热伊莱·卡得尔, 等.不同空间插值方法对博斯腾湖水体矿化度的适应性评价研究[J].新疆师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 35(4):7-14. https://wuxizazhi.cnki.net/qikan-DLGT201003006.html
Jiang H, Rusuli Y, Kadeer R, et al.Study on suitability of different interpolation methods for evaluation of water salinity in Bosten Lake[J].Journal of Xinjiang Normal University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2016, 35(4):7-14. https://wuxizazhi.cnki.net/qikan-DLGT201003006.html
[22] 李姗姗, 曹广超, 石平超, 等.青岛城区土壤重金属元素空间分布及其现状评价[J].生态与农村环境学报, 2015, 31(1):112-117. doi: 10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2015.01.017
Li S S, Cao G C, Shi P C, et al.Status quo and evaluation of the spatial distribution of heavy metals in urban soil of Qingdao city[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2015, 31(1):112-117. doi: 10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2015.01.017
[23] 环境保护部, 国土资源部. 全国土壤污染状况调查公报[R]. 2014.
Ministry of Environmental Protection, Ministry of Land and Resources. National Survey of Soil Pollution Status[R]. 2014.
[24] 王玉军, 刘存, 周东美, 等.客观地看待我国耕地土壤环境质量的现状——关于《全国土壤污染状况调查公报》中有关问题的讨论和建议[J].农业环境科学学报, 2014, 33(8):1465-1473. doi: 10.11654/jaes.2014.08.001
Wang Y J, Liu C, Zhou D M, et al.A critical view on the status quo of the farmland soil environmental quality in China:Discussion and suggestion of relevant issues on report on the national general survey of soil contamination[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2014, 33(8):1465-1473. doi: 10.11654/jaes.2014.08.001
[25] 曾希柏, 徐建明, 黄巧云, 等.中国农田重金属问题的若干思考[J].土壤学报, 2013, 50(1):186-194. doi: 10.11766/trxb201206300263
Zeng X B, Xu J M, Huang Q Y, et al.Some deliberations on the issues of heavy metals in farmlands of China[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2013, 50(1):186-194. doi: 10.11766/trxb201206300263
[26] 王合玲, 张辉国, 秦璐, 等.新疆艾比湖流域土壤有机质的空间分布特征及其影响因素[J].生态学报, 2012, 32(16):4969-4980. http://www.doc88.com/p-0846177133946.html
Wang H L, Zhang H G, Qin L, et al.The characteristics of the spatial distribution of soil organic matter and factors influencing it in Ebinur Lake Basin of Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012, 32(16):4969-4980. http://www.doc88.com/p-0846177133946.html
[27] 曹宏杰, 王立民, 罗春雨, 等.三江平原地区农田土壤中几种重金属空间分布状况[J].生态与农村环境学报, 2014, 30(2):155-161. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-HBNB2014S1070.htm
Cao H J, Wang L M, Luo C Y, et al.Spatial distribution of heavy metals in agricultural soil in Sanjiang Plain[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2014, 30(2):155-161. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-HBNB2014S1070.htm
-
图(1)
表(3)
计量
- 文章访问数: 3864
- PDF下载数: 74
- 施引文献: 0