Practicality of Hand-held XRF Analyzer in Rapid Exploration of Porphyry Copper Deposit
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摘要:
现场X射线荧光光谱（XRF）测量因样品的不平度效应、不均匀效应和湿度效应等面临的技术难题，使得手持式XRF现场原位分析结果与实验室分析结果存在一定偏差。本文现场手持式X射线荧光光谱分析仪的测试时间、样品含量、测试距离、样品干湿度和样品粒度等测试条件对测试结果的影响进行了定量研究。结果表明：在最佳测试时间90s条件下，得到Cu、Mo、Pb、Zn元素测定限分别为57μg/g、14μg/g、24μg/g、38μg/g并给出测定限计算公式；现场分析测试距离应小于5mm并保持样品表面干燥，块状样品测试方法最简单但测试结果变化最大，样品粉碎至粒径80目以上测试结果精准度最好，但制样过程较复杂，样品粉碎后的混合状态是现场测试的最佳策略。对西藏驱龙斑岩铜矿岩心扫描的实际应用表明，手持式XRF分析仪适合于现场原位分析，可满足野外斑岩铜矿圈定矿体等快速勘查评价要求，提高了工作效率并降低勘查成本。
Abstract:BACKGROUND There is a certain deviation between the on-site analysis results of hand-held XRF and the laboratory analysis results due to the unique technical difficulties in field X-ray fluorescence measurement such as roughness effect, uneven effect and humidity effect of samples.
OBJECTIVES To seek economic, rapid and practical test conditions of hand-held XRF for rapid exploration of porphyry copper ore in practical work.
METHODS Influence of test conditions, such as analytical time, sample content, test distance, sample dry humidity and sample particle size on the analytical results of Niton XL3t GOLDD+ hand-held XRF was quantitatively studied.
RESULTS The results showed that, under the best test time of 90s, the determination limits of Cu, Mo, Pb, and Zn were 57μg/g, 14μg/g, 24μg/g, and 38μg/g, respectively, and the calculation formula for the determination limit was given. The field analysis test distance should be less than 5mm and the sample surface should be kept dry. The test method for bulk sample was the simplest but the test results varied the most. When sample was crushed to a particle size of 80 mesh or above, the stability and accuracy of the results were best. Considering that it took a long time to crush sample into 80 mesh, the mixed state of the sample after crushing was better strategy for field testing.
CONCLUSIONS The practical application of core scanning in Qulong porphyry copper deposit in Tibet shows that the handheld XRF analyzer is suitable for in-situ analysis and can meet the requirements of rapid exploration and evaluation such as delineation of copper ore bodies in field, which can greatly improve work efficiency and reduce exploration cost.
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表 1 手持式XRF分析仪检出限(LOD)及测定限参考值
Table 1. Detection limits (LOD) and determination limit reference values of hand-held XRF analyzer
待测元素 检出限(μg/g) 测定限(μg/g) 待测元素 检出限(μg/g) 测定限(μg/g) Ba 61 202 Zn 11 38 Sb 21 69 Cu 17 57 Cd 26 87 Ni 35 118 Pd 14 46 Co 28 94 Sb 9 29 Fe 49 165 Ag A/S A/S Mn 85 283 Mo 4 14 Cr 35 115 Nb 4 14 V 17 58 Zr 4 14 Ti 17 58 Sr 4 14 Ca 87 289 Rb 4 14 K 69 231 Bi 4 14 Cl 104 346 As 4 14 S 121 404 Se 4 14 P 433 1443 Au 23 75 Si N/A N/A Pb 7 24 Al 866 2887 W 57 189 Mg 6062 20207 
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表 2 完全润湿与干燥状态下样品测试值比值
Table 2. Comparison of sample test values under complete wetting and drying conditions
样品编号 元素湿干比值 Cu Mo Pb Zn Rb Sr Zr Th Ba Hg Nb Co Ti Cd Sc Mn Cr ZK1608-40.2 0.76 0.82 0.94 1.04 0.91 1.01 0.83 0.87 1.00 0.90 0.78 0.95 0.71 1.02 1.02 0.86 0.95 ZK1501-170 0.93 0.94 0.07 0.86 1.09 0.96 0.99 1.06 1.04 1.07 0.94 1.10 0.82 1.05 1.05 - - 样品编号 元素湿干比值 Au As Ag Pd V Bi Fe Ca K S Al P Si Cl Mg Bal ZK1608-40.2 0.31 - - - 0.81 0.88 0.77 0.74 0.65 0.39 0.21 0.18 0.36 0.48 - 1.61 ZK1501-170 - - - - 0.75 - 0.97 0.45 0.96 0.24 0.27 - 0.53 0.56 - 1.66 注：“-”表示该元素在润湿状态下没有被检测出，即低于仪器此时的检出限。
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