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滇西北休瓦促钼钨矿床白钨矿原位微量和Sr同位素特征及其对成矿作用的指示

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王忠强, 李超, 江小均, 周利敏, 赵九江, 严清高, 李亚东, 陈耀坤. 滇西北休瓦促钼钨矿床白钨矿原位微量和Sr同位素特征及其对成矿作用的指示[J]. 岩矿测试, 2020, 39(5): 762-776. doi: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.201907310118
引用本文: 王忠强, 李超, 江小均, 周利敏, 赵九江, 严清高, 李亚东, 陈耀坤. 滇西北休瓦促钼钨矿床白钨矿原位微量和Sr同位素特征及其对成矿作用的指示[J]. 岩矿测试, 2020, 39(5): 762-776. doi: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.201907310118
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WANG Zhong-qiang, LI Chao, JIANG Xiao-jun, ZHOU Li-min, ZHAO Jiu-jiang, YAN Qing-gao, LI Ya-dong, CHEN Yao-kun. In situ Trace Element and Sr Isotope Composition of Scheelite in the Xiuwacu Molybdenum-Tungsten Deposit, Northwest Yunnan: Constraints on Mineralization[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2020, 39(5): 762-776. doi: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.201907310118
Citation: WANG Zhong-qiang, LI Chao, JIANG Xiao-jun, ZHOU Li-min, ZHAO Jiu-jiang, YAN Qing-gao, LI Ya-dong, CHEN Yao-kun. In situ Trace Element and Sr Isotope Composition of Scheelite in the Xiuwacu Molybdenum-Tungsten Deposit, Northwest Yunnan: Constraints on Mineralization[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2020, 39(5): 762-776. doi: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.201907310118
shu

滇西北休瓦促钼钨矿床白钨矿原位微量和Sr同位素特征及其对成矿作用的指示

  • 1.

    昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院, 云南 昆明 650093

  • 2.

    国家地质实验测试中心, 北京 100037

  • 3.

    中国地质科学院Re-Os同位素地球化学重点实验室, 北京 100037

  • 4.

    云南锡业集团老厂分公司, 云南 个旧 661000

  • 基金项目:
    国家自然科学基金项目（41673060，41873065）
详细信息
    作者简介: 王忠强, 硕士研究生, 从事矿物学、地球化学研究。E-mail:kmustwzq@126.com
    通讯作者: 江小均, 博士, 讲师, 主要从事沉积学和大地构造学研究。E-mail:cagsjiang@126.com

  • 中图分类号: O628;O614.232

In situ Trace Element and Sr Isotope Composition of Scheelite in the Xiuwacu Molybdenum-Tungsten Deposit, Northwest Yunnan: Constraints on Mineralization

  • 1.

    Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China

  • 2.

    National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Beijing 100037, China

  • 3.

    Key Laboratory of Re-Os Isotope Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China

  • 4.

    Laochang Branch, Yunnan Tin Industry Group, Gejiu 661000, China

More Information

    摘要

  • 滇西北休瓦促钼钨矿床是义敦岛弧Cu-Mo成矿带南缘典型的热液石英脉型钼钨矿床，目前前人对该矿床主要开展了成岩-成矿年代学、岩石成因、动力学过程等研究。本文以白钨矿为研究对象，利用原位微量LA-ICP-MS以及原位Sr同位素LA-MC-ICP-MS测试技术对成矿流体演化及成矿物质来源开展了系统研究。白钨矿的产状和阴极发光图像显示其存在早中晚三个阶段，以中阶段白钨矿最为发育。早阶段白钨矿稀土配分与斑状二长花岗岩相似，呈轻稀土富集的右倾模式，Eu具有中等负异常（δEu=0.42），Mo平均含量为3.0%，87Sr/86Sr平均值为0.7098，与斑状二长花岗岩（0.7075~0.7098）接近；与早阶段相比，中阶段白钨矿轻稀土含量降低，Eu也具有中等负异常（δEu=0.37），Mo平均含量降低至2445μg/g，87Sr/86Sr值升高至0.7113；晚阶段白钨矿稀土配分呈中稀土相对富集的拱形模式，Eu基本无异常（δEu=0.93），Mo平均含量降低至56μg/g，87Sr/86Sr平均值为0.7083。从早到晚，白钨矿中轻稀土元素尤其是La和Ce的逐渐亏损表明存在氟碳铈镧矿的结晶；δEu升高和Mo急剧降低指示成矿流体从氧化到还原的转换；Sr同位素组成的变化指示了成矿物质来源的转变，早阶段岩浆流体贡献大，在中阶段白钨矿岩浆热液与围岩地层大规模作用下，地层为白钨矿的形成提供了大量Ca，表明强烈的水岩交互作用对矿床的形成发挥了重要作用。

    OBJECTIVES

    The Xiuwacu Mo-W deposit is a typical hydrothermal quartz vein deposit in the Yidun island arc Cu-Mo metallogenic belt, northwest Yunnan. Numerous studies have been conducted on rock and ore chronology and petrogenesis, dynamics, but its ore-forming fluid evolution has been rarely studied.

     OBJECTIVES

    To reveal the origin and evolution of ore-forming fluids of the Xiuwacu Mo-W deposit.

     METHODS

    Scanning electron microscope (SEM) cathodoluminescence method, and in situ trace element (LA-ICP-MS) and in situ Sr (fs-LA-MC-ICP-MS) isotope analyses of scheelite.

     RESULTS

    The occurrences of scheelite and the cathodoluminescence images indicated three generations of scheelite, Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ, with the middle stage scheelite being the most developed. The rare earth element pattern of the scheelite in the early stage was similar to that of the porphyritic granite. It showed a right-inclined pattern with light rare earth enrichment and a moderate negative Eu anomaly (δEu=0.42). The average Mo content was 3.0%, and the average 87Sr/86Sr was 0.7098, close to the specular feldspar granite (0.7075-0.7098). Compared with scheelite in the early stage, the content of light rare earth elements in the scheelite from the middle stage was low, and Eu also had a medium negative anomaly (δEu=0.37). Mo content was reduced to an average of 2445μg/g, and 87Sr/86Sr increased to 0.7113. The rare earth distribution pattern of scheelite in the later stage showed an arched pattern with relative enrichment of middle rare earth and no Eu anomaly (δEu=0.93). Mo content of scheelite decreased to 56μg/g, and average 87Sr/86Sr was 0.7083.

     Conclusion

    From early to late, the gradual decrease of light rare-earth elements, especially La and Ce, in scheelite indicates the crystallization of bastnaesite. The increase in δEu and the sharp decrease in Mo content indicate the transformation of ore-forming fluids from oxidation to reduction. The change of Sr isotope composition indicates the change in the source of ore-forming materials. The magmatic fluid contributed a lot in the early stage, and the large-scale interaction between the magma-hydrothermal fluids and surrounding rocks is responsible for the formation of scheelite in the middle stage. The strata provide amounts of Ca for scheelite formation, indicating that strong water-rock interaction played an important role in the formation of the deposit.
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  • 图 1  休瓦促钨钼区域地质简图及矿区地质图(据余海军等[18]和张向飞等[19]修改)

    Figure 1. 

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 2  白钨矿产出状态照片

    Figure 2. 

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 3  白钨矿样品阴极发光图、激光打点图(黄圈：微量元素点；绿圈：Sr同位素点)

    Figure 3. 

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 4  (a) 白钨矿和花岗岩体稀土球粒陨石标准化曲线图(据张向飞等[19])和(b)微量元素含量

    Figure 4. 

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 5  不同阶段白钨矿δEu-Mo含量、Sr同位素比值图(松潘—甘孜沉积物引自Wu等[43]；晚白垩世花岗岩引自Wang等[21])

    Figure 5. 

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    表 1  白钨矿LA-ICP-MS微量元素测试结果

    Table 1.  LA-ICP-MS analytical results of trace elements in scheelite

    阶段划分 样品编号 元素含量(SymbolmA g/g) δEu
    Mo Sr Nb La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Y ∑REE
    XWC-1-12 21070 632 1089 102 491 125 807 274 30 222 35 202 36 94 13 83 10 571 2524 0.40
    XWC-1-13 26258 693 1182 120 575 150 947 341 35 274 42 243 44 114 15 97 12 610 3009 0.40
    XWC-3-08 34501 245 1025 535 1383 205 816 149 16 118 14 80 15 42 5.8 43 6.6 399 3429 0.40
    早阶段 XWC-3-09 25635 426 927 489 1247 178 710 121 17 96 12 63 12 33 4.5 33 5.4 308 3019 0.53
    XWC-3-10 30489 109 1020 491 1351 205 851 156 17 118 15 80 15 41 5.7 39 6.1 386 3391 0.44
    XWC-3-11 32617 168 1098 465 1305 204 845 167 17 129 16 90 18 49 6.3 45 7.2 441 3363 0.40
    XWC-3-12 38291 99 944 414 1149 181 766 161 16 125 16 87 17 45 6.2 42 6.5 419 3031 0.38
    XWC-1-01 2401 144 1567 123 583 152 977 349 38 290 45 258 46 120 17 102 13 1153 3114 0.41
    XWC-1-02 2569 146 1458 121 557 141 889 320 35 264 42 241 45 115 15 94 12 1110 2892 0.41
    XWC-1-03 2588 143 2008 150 648 180 1163 411 43 350 55 310 58 147 20 125 16 1365 3676 0.38
    XWC-1-04 2532 148 1638 121 573 150 994 362 38 297 46 275 51 137 18 117 15 1234 3194 0.39
    XWC-1-05 2611 164 1598 116 563 149 975 362 40 299 48 283 52 138 19 118 15 1249 3177 0.42
    XWC-1-06 2425 145 1920 134 696 203 1321 469 42 350 53 289 52 133 17 114 15 1378 3887 0.35
    中阶段 XWC-1-07 2510 231 1998 158 781 244 1609 547 49 403 57 321 54 139 18 117 14 1465 4511 0.36
    XWC-1-08 2649 139 2760 160 855 275 1762 597 53 443 66 354 62 164 23 158 20 1811 4991 0.35
    XWC-1-09 2570 148 2290 160 792 248 1602 562 48 418 62 328 57 147 20 133 17 1595 4592 0.34
    XWC-1-10 2796 287 1966 129 672 204 1347 477 45 362 55 303 54 136 19 124 16 1467 3943 0.37
    XWC-1-11 2539 148 1436 110 578 165 1040 360 35 267 40 217 38 96 13 86 11 1161 3057 0.39
    XWC-1-14 2361 333 1232 321 975 180 865 210 22 168 22 126 23 58 7.6 48 6.4 942 3033 0.42
    XWC-1-15 2566 156 1498 396 1122 209 971 223 24 184 25 140 25 65 8.7 54 8.0 1127 3454 0.39
    XWC-2-01 2603 102 1409 92 554 158 1030 376 33 285 41 215 37 96 13 86 11 1087 3027 0.34
    XWC-2-02 2352 108 1743 106 602 166 1086 407 37 311 48 261 47 121 17 106 13 1226 3328 0.36
    XWC-2-03 2471 109 1750 108 614 176 1125 410 37 312 48 256 45 119 16 107 13 1229 3387 0.36
    XWC-2-04 2198 111 1772 105 616 185 1188 432 37 317 47 247 43 114 15 104 13 1192 3462 0.34
    XWC-2-05 2174 144 2015 122 665 192 1272 466 41 344 52 278 49 122 17 117 14 1335 3751 0.35
    中阶段 XWC-2-06 2218 111 1445 107 579 164 1038 367 33 273 41 215 38 97 13 85 11 984 3060 0.35
    XWC-2-07 2102 214 1387 98 540 155 1000 365 34 269 41 217 39 97 13 88 11 1003 2966 0.37
    XWC-2-08 2185 115 1467 112 599 163 1066 376 33 279 40 212 38 96 13 87 11 1031 3125 0.35
    XWC-2-09 2129 117 1234 104 501 136 858 307 31 238 37 209 37 96 13 84 11 932 2661 0.39
    XWC-2-10 2233 166 1340 103 482 128 813 302 33 249 40 233 44 116 16 101 13 979 2674 0.41
    XWC-2-11 2233 124 1586 120 517 140 898 335 37 281 46 264 49 128 17 109 14 1098 2955 0.41
    XWC-2-12 2139 120 1216 105 476 124 774 284 30 225 37 205 38 98 13 84 11 917 2505 0.40
    XWC-3-01 2218 119 1408 112 521 136 822 313 33 251 40 221 40 104 14 89 11 962 2708 0.40
    XWC-3-02 2339 115 1698 111 542 139 869 336 38 268 45 255 48 128 17 115 15 1126 2927 0.43
    XWC-3-03 2180 114 1160 95 474 119 767 281 30 222 35 194 37 98 13 84 11 903 2460 0.41
    中阶段 XWC-3-04 2159 128 1258 109 518 137 841 301 32 230 36 199 37 97 13 88 11 939 2648 0.41
    XWC-3-05 2186 112 1670 112 624 179 1153 417 38 317 47 247 44 110 15 101 12 1109 3415 0.36
    XWC-3-06 2287 109 1589 111 595 173 1102 389 36 294 45 247 43 112 15 103 13 1118 3278 0.36
    XWC-3-07 2364 122 1327 100 558 158 995 361 33 270 41 214 39 99 13 91 11 1042 2982 0.36
    XWC-4-01 2907 129 1452 115 642 177 1167 440 39 343 50 271 48 123 16 102 13 1329 3548 0.35
    XWC-4-02 2610 160 1895 130 676 211 1360 502 44 379 57 301 54 139 19 125 16 1419 4013 0.34
    XWC-4-03 2841 317 2614 189 762 245 1579 566 53 453 70 390 72 187 26 170 21 1606 4783 0.35
    中阶段 XWC-4-04 2544 507 2112 164 696 226 1419 516 46 392 60 315 56 146 19 127 16 1405 4198 0.35
    XWC-4-05 2792 177 1685 131 657 187 1293 445 42 335 51 267 49 124 17 111 15 1324 3724 0.37
    XWC-4-06 2676 154 1501 113 651 193 1259 446 39 328 48 251 44 113 16 106 14 1312 3622 0.35
    XWC-4-07 2733 129 1472 113 680 189 1259 439 38 324 46 235 42 109 14 98 12 1252 3601 0.34
    XWC-4-08 2814 132 1443 116 663 193 1256 453 39 331 47 249 43 112 16 103 13 1323 3636 0.35
    XWC-1-16 12 4533 1.0 0.8 10 7.3 90 93 25 99 16 81 12 22 1.8 5.9 0.4 161 465 0.89
    晚阶段Ⅰ XWC-1-17 71 4765 4.4 1.6 7.4 4.6 75 116 36 140 24 118 17 29 2.3 6.8 0.5 194 578 0.97
    XWC-1-18 65 4445 8.3 1.2 9.1 5.0 77 112 40 141 24 121 16 28 2.1 5.7 0.4 183 583 1.09
    XWC-3-13 75 2874 4.9 3.3 20 8.4 81 71 16 70 11 53 8.8 18 1.4 5.3 0.5 121 368 0.78
    XWC-2-13 2248 333 1579 92 563 164 1096 404 36 297 45 233 41 103 14 94 11 1100 3194 0.35
    XWC-2-14 2150 572 1487 91 559 155 1023 375 37 281 42 217 38 99 13 89 11 1097 3030 0.38
    XWC-2-15 1664 1331 1093 67 408 115 766 306 35 237 37 197 33 80 10 67 8.4 831 2369 0.45
    XWC-2-16 1360 1712 875 58 345 95 620 263 33 207 33 177 30 73 9.4 59 7.2 703 2010 0.49
    XWC-2-17 1227 1819 892 52 322 90 599 258 32 211 33 172 28 70 9.1 56 7.0 700 1939 0.48
    XWC-4-09 1786 133 754 58 301 74 490 208 25 180 28 157 28 68 8.8 50 6.0 517 1681 0.43
    XWC-4-10 1733 155 694 80 380 90 571 225 28 188 29 158 28 66 8.3 51 5.9 425 1909 0.47
    晚阶段Ⅱ XWC-4-11 1679 148 852 71 362 91 607 256 30 223 34 187 33 78 10 57 6.5 518 2046 0.42
    XWC-4-12 2217 137 984 56 306 82 574 242 28 227 36 189 35 85 11 65 7.3 742 1943 0.41
    XWC-4-13 1864 147 759 76 375 90 596 242 30 211 33 178 32 78 10 58 6.6 529 2016 0.45
    XWC-4-14 1937 142 913 68 339 86 582 258 31 225 35 187 34 82 10 60 7.3 662 2005 0.43
    XWC-4-15 1606 152 665 79 373 89 563 217 28 184 28 153 27 65 8.2 49 5.8 407 1869 0.48
    XWC-4-16 1649 140 636 79 368 86 523 211 28 179 27 143 26 65 8.1 49 5.8 407 1798 0.50
    XWC-4-17 1994 151 847 55 289 75 516 225 27 209 33 182 32 79 10 60 6.6 613 1797 0.42
    XWC-4-18 1932 140 764 69 333 81 520 210 27 188 29 162 29 73 9.4 55 6.3 570 1790 0.47
    注：δEu=EuN/(SmN×GdN)1/2。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 2  白钨矿原位Sr同位素分析结果

    Table 2.  In situ strontium isotope analytical results of scheelite

    时期 样品编号 85Rb信号强度(Ⅴ) 88Sr信号强度(Ⅴ) 84Sr/86Sr 2σ 87Sr/86Sr 2σ
    XWC-1-Sr-19 0.00221 1.08 0.05735 0.00326 0.70872 0.00070
    XWC-1-Sr-20 0.00039 0.34 0.04690 0.00310 0.70969 0.00071
    XWC-1-Sr-21 0.00074 1.25 0.05433 0.00243 0.71027 0.00061
    XWC-1-Sr-22 0.00066 0.52 0.04976 0.00254 0.71023 0.00058
    早阶段 XWC-3-Sr-08 0.00023 0.22 0.04464 0.00811 0.70896 0.00166
    XWC-3-Sr-09 0.00074 0.76 0.05331 0.00181 0.70993 0.00051
    XWC-3-Sr-10 0.00071 2.80 0.05211 0.00354 0.71008 0.00071
    XWC-3-Sr-11 0.00164 2.23 0.05540 0.00105 0.70946 0.00026
    XWC-3-Sr-12 0.00119 0.83 0.05073 0.00202 0.71108 0.00048
    XWC-1-Sr-01 0.00206 0.76 0.05132 0.00157 0.71158 0.00034
    XWC-1-Sr-02 0.00303 1.29 0.05027 0.00083 0.71017 0.00024
    XWC-1-Sr-03 0.00434 1.23 0.04515 0.00107 0.71145 0.00020
    XWC-1-Sr-04 0.00381 1.26 0.04662 0.00112 0.71118 0.00024
    XWC-1-Sr-05 0.00390 1.41 0.04732 0.00086 0.71093 0.00025
    中阶段 XWC-1-Sr-06 0.00377 1.26 0.04486 0.00107 0.71174 0.00023
    XWC-1-Sr-07 0.00463 1.24 0.04403 0.00117 0.71180 0.00024
    XWC-1-Sr-08 0.00460 1.20 0.04121 0.00104 0.71440 0.00026
    XWC-1-Sr-09 0.00407 4.97 0.05298 0.00034 0.70932 0.00010
    XWC-1-Sr-10 0.00326 1.24 0.04809 0.00105 0.71151 0.00026
    XWC-1-Sr-11 0.00272 2.04 0.05177 >0.00060 0.70921 0.00016
    XWC-2-Sr-01 0.00295 0.99 0.04178 0.00138 0.71210 0.00036
    XWC-2-Sr-02 0.00395 1.08 0.04239 0.00113 0.71254 0.00028
    XWC-2-Sr-03 0.00363 1.07 0.04404 0.00115 0.71225 0.00024
    XWC-2-Sr-04 0.00330 0.99 0.04434 0.00147 0.71344 0.00032
    XWC-2-Sr-05 0.00381 1.48 0.04664 0.00097 0.71090 0.00022
    中阶段 XWC-2-Sr-06 0.00278 1.09 0.04924 .00114 0.71132 0.00026
    XWC-2-Sr-07 0.00278 3.35 0.05422 0.00039 0.70947 0.00017
    XWC-2-Sr-08 0.00276 1.18 0.05163 0.00131 0.71142 0.00030
    XWC-2-Sr-09 0.00297 1.05 0.04654 0.00137 0.71096 0.00032
    XWC-2-Sr-10 0.00323 1.41 0.04878 0.00083 0.71057 0.00021
    XWC-2-Sr-11 0.00378 1.18 0.04601 0.00103 0.71132 0.00026
    XWC-2-Sr-12 0.00346 1.21 0.04787 0.00095 0.71094 0.00025
    XWC-3-Sr-01 0.00351 1.24 0.04778 0.00112 0.71126 0.00026
    XWC-3-Sr-02 0.00375 1.28 0.04535 0.00099 0.71077 0.00027
    XWC-3-Sr-03 0.00363 1.32 0.04567 0.00083 0.71106 0.00021
    中阶段 XWC-3-Sr-04 0.00364 1.45 0.04614 0.00089 0.71033 0.00019
    XWC-3-Sr-05 0.00389 1.23 0.04438 0.00094 0.71213 0.00022
    XWC-3-Sr-06 0.00392 1.20 0.04386 0.00108 0.71218 0.00026
    XWC-3-Sr-07 0.00338 1.13 0.04685 0.00119 0.71210 0.00028
    XWC-4-Sr-01 0.00204 0.81 0.04823 0.00144 0.71066 0.00033
    XWC-4-Sr-02 0.00344 1.01 0.05254 0.00133 0.71136 0.00027
    XWC-4-Sr-03 0.00290 0.99 0.04641 0.00125 0.71160 0.00027
    中阶段 XWC-4-Sr-04 0.00302 1.03 0.05068 0.00126 0.71166 0.00027
    XWC-4-Sr-05 0.00376 1.34 0.05085 0.00098 0.71059 0.00023
    XWC-4-Sr-06 0.00243 0.82 0.05193 0.00135 0.71181 0.00031
    XWC-4-Sr-07 0.00271 0.76 0.05411 0.00141 0.71135 0.00033
    XWC-4-Sr-08 0.00205 0.84 0.05188 0.00147 0.71144 0.00030
    晚阶段Ⅰ XWC-1-Sr-23 0.00038 7.01 0.05651 0.00016 0.70824 0.00008
    XWC-3-Sr-13 0.00008 5.36 0.05644 0.00023 0.70820 0.00014
    XWC-2-Sr-18 0.00018 10.47 0.05634 0.00011 0.70841 0.00007
    XWC-2-Sr-19 0.00023 10.46 0.05633 0.00011 0.70849 0.00008
    XWC-2-Sr-20 0.00021 9.51 0.05685 0.00013 0.70837 0.00008
    XWC-2-Sr-21 0.00020 10.57 0.05647 0.00011 0.70810 0.00007
    XWC-4-Sr-09 0.00134 0.91 0.05488 0.00120 0.70902 0.00028
    XWC-4-Sr-10 0.00168 0.90 0.05225 0.00151 0.70888 0.00030
    晚阶段Ⅱ XWC-4-Sr-11 0.00163 0.95 0.05197 0.00123 0.70878 0.00027
    XWC-4-Sr-12 0.00197 1.33 0.05502 0.00100 0.70836 0.00024
    XWC-4-Sr-13 0.00166 1.02 0.05621 0.00106 0.70936 0.00026
    XWC-4-Sr-14 0.00178 0.89 0.05610 0.00119 0.70892 0.00028
    XWC-4-Sr-15 0.00251 0.83 0.05758 0.00150 0.70936 0.00034
    XWC-4-Sr-16 0.00440 1.05 0.05258 0.00120 0.70993 0.00029
    XWC-4-Sr-17 0.00155 0.93 0.05525 0.00126 0.70905 0.00027
    XWC-4-Sr-18 0.00132 1.00 0.05469 0.00135 0.70913 0.00025
    内部监控样(谢家山白钨矿标准样品) WSTD (n=8) 0.00006 12.02 0.05659 0.00010 0.72088 0.00007
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收稿日期:  2019-08-12
修回日期:  2019-09-02
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