Mineralogical Characteristics and TIMS U-Pb Dating of Tantalite-(Mn) from the Bieyesamas Rare Metal Deposit, Xinjiang
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摘要: 钽矿是我国的紧缺资源，近年来对别也萨麻斯地区钽矿取得了找矿新进展，包括新矿点的发现以及花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属资源的找矿突破。区内伟晶岩脉广泛发育，为探究含矿脉体的成矿时代、查明区内典型铌钽矿物的矿物学特征，本文以L18号伟晶岩脉中的钽锰矿为研究对象，对其物理性质、化学成分、地质年代等进行了分析。应用电子探针测试钽锰矿的化学组成，热电离质谱法（TIMS）测定其U-Pb年龄，确定含矿脉体的形成年代。结果表明，研究区钽锰矿中Ta2O5含量为51.58%~74.80%，均值68.49%，Nb2O5含量为6.15%~27.63%；部分主量元素分布不均，未表现出规律的分带性，但矿物颗粒中心部位的CaO含量较边部低，横剖面上SiO2含量相对稳定，TiO2与WO3显示不规律波动。这种特征表明钽锰矿并非单纯由结晶分异作用形成，而是可能受到了后期交代作用的影响。钽锰矿的U-Pb年龄为160Ma，说明钽锰矿化发生于晚侏罗世早期，与围岩海西期二云母花岗岩相差甚远，后者并非L18号脉体的成矿母岩。Abstract:
BACKGROUNDTantalum is a scarce resource in China. A new breakthrough in ore prospecting was obtained on the tantalum ore in the Bieyesamasi area, Xinjiang, including new occurrences as well as the exploration of pegmatite-type rare metal resources. OBJECTIVESTo explore the mineralization age of ore-bearing veins and the mineralogical characteristics of typical columbite-tantalite minerals, tantalite-(Mn) from L18 pegmatite veins, and to evaluate one of the most distinctive minerals in this area. METHODSElectron microprobe was used to characterize mineralogy of tantalite-(Mn), and TIMS U-Pb geochronology of this mineral was used to constrain the age. RESULTSThe content of Ta2O5 in tantalite-(Mn) from L18 pegmatite veins ranged from 51.58% to 74.80%, with an average of 68.49%, while Nb2O5 contents varied from 6.15% to 27.63%. Some of the major elements were unevenly distributed and did not show regular banding, with the CaO content in the center of a mineral particle lower than at the edge, and the SiO2 content relatively stable in the cross section. TiO2 and WO3 showed irregular fluctuations. This feature indicated that the tantalite-(Mn) was not formed solely by crystal differentiation, but may be affected by later metasomatism. CONCLUSIONSTIMS U-Pb dating of tantalite-(Mn) yields an age of 160Ma, indicating that the mineralization of L18 pegmatite was formed in the early period of Late Jurassic, different from the surrounding Hercynian granite. It is inferred that Hercynian granite is not the source of L18 pegmatite vein. -
Key words:
- tantalite-(Mn) /
- Bieyesamasi deposit /
- rare metals /
- pegmatite vein /
- TIMS U-Pb dating /
- columbite-tantalite ore
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表 1 电子探针工作条件
Table 1. Working conditions of electron microprobe
元素 晶体 线系 计数时间(s) 矿物标样 检测限(μg/g) 峰 背景 Na TAP Kα 10 5 硬玉 71~87 Mg TAP Kα 10 5 镁橄榄石 65~74 Al TAP Kα 10 5 硬玉 77~81 K PETJ Kα 10 5 钾长石 48~53 Ca PETJ Kα 10 5 硅灰石 64~77 Si PETJ Kα 10 5 硬玉 83~96 Fe LIF Kα 10 5 赤铁矿 87~99 Ti LIF Kα 10 5 金红石 236~244 P PETJ Kα 10 5 磷灰石 84~93 Cr LIFH Kα 10 5 三氧化二铬 112~137 Mn LIFH Kα 10 5 氧化锰 104~113 Ni LIF Kα 10 5 氧化镍 136~154 Nb PETJ Lα 10 5 铌酸钾 150~170 Ta PETJ Mα 10 5 钽酸锂 190~210 
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表 2 别也萨麻斯矿区钽锰矿的电子探针分析结果
Table 2. Electron microprobe analyses of tantalite-(Mn) from Bieyesamasi orefield
测点 含量(%) SiO2 Al2O3 Ta2O5 Nb2O5 CaO FeO MnO WO3 ZrO2 ThO2 UO2 V2O3 TiO2 合计 BY-1-1 0.35 - 60.85 19.77 0.006 1.50 13.69 3.68 0.044 0.049 - - 0.063 100.00 BY-1-2 0.36 - 60.02 19.39 - 1.32 15.11 3.88 - 0 0.075 - 0.156 100.31 BY-1-3 0.48 0.003 73.43 6.71 - 1.12 13.49 4.34 0.019 0.057 - 0.005 0.072 99.72 BY-1-4 0.41 0.020 72.09 7.52 0.033 1.09 14.05 4.46 0.117 - 0.017 - 0.062 99.86 BY-2-1 0.49 - 72.19 6.79 0.015 1.29 14.26 4.21 - 0.018 - 0.015 0.123 99.40 BY-2-2 0.45 0.011 70.19 9.20 0.003 1.33 14.24 5.38 0.014 0.043 0.007 0.002 0.090 100.95 BY-2-3 0.46 0.020 69.99 10.11 0.039 1.13 14.03 4.43 0.085 - 0.010 - 0.090 100.39 BY-2-4 1.14 - 69.82 9.56 0.003 1.10 14.44 4.38 0.081 - 0.028 - 0.095 100.64 BY-2-5 0.40 - 74.61 7.85 0.017 0.96 12.48 2.54 0.021 0.012 - - 0.175 99.06 BY-3-1 0.22 0.016 59.12 26.99 0.003 1.10 10.52 2.30 - - - - 0.098 100.37 BY-3-2 0.34 0.003 53.25 26.12 0.012 2.08 15.00 3.49 - 0.022 0.003 - 0.037 100.36 BY-3-3 0.42 - 73.00 10.86 0.040 0.96 11.50 2.85 - - - 0.006 0.079 99.71 BY-3-4 0.49 - 72.26 7.88 - 1.17 13.95 4.30 0.083 - 0.001 0.005 0.036 100.18 BY-3-5 0.50 - 73.10 7.35 0.023 1.09 14.20 2.50 0.007 - - 0.023 0.103 98.89 BY-3-6 0.35 0.008 52.76 26.61 0.022 1.78 15.46 3.23 - - 0.015 - 0.058 100.28 BY-3-7 0.46 - 74.65 6.15 0.047 1.23 14.30 2.62 0.064 - 0.026 0.006 0.069 99.61 BY-3-8 0.36 - 52.69 26.60 0.034 1.69 15.54 3.53 0.002 0.018 0.009 - 0.010 100.48 BY-3-9 0.46 0.014 73.50 6.31 - 1.13 13.99 4.16 0.026 - 0.023 0.031 0.097 99.75 BY-3-10 0.42 - 73.68 7.56 0.031 0.96 13.04 4.11 0.026 - - 0.066 0.049 99.94 BY-3-11 0.43 0.016 74.12 6.76 0.005 1.10 14.39 2.38 0.002 - 0.009 - 0.125 99.34 BY-3-12 0.45 - 72.75 9.01 0.042 1.14 14.22 2.19 0.064 0.001 0.024 0.011 0.100 100.01 BY-4-1 0.42 0.006 72.50 6.81 0.007 1.17 14.15 4.58 0.105 - 0.019 0.002 0.064 99.82 BY-4-2 0.37 - 63.48 16.88 - 4.11 11.86 2.19 - 0.002 - - 0.176 99.06 BY-4-3 0.31 - 51.58 27.07 - 1.48 15.50 3.26 - 0.023 0.006 0.003 0.126 99.35 BY-4-4 0.45 0.010 73.04 7.50 - 1.13 14.57 2.57 0.028 0.037 - 0.014 0.102 99.45 BY-4-5 0.37 - 63.67 16.81 - 4.85 11.88 1.89 - - 0.017 0.009 0.189 99.68 BY-4-6 0.44 0.006 73.13 8.34 0.026 1.24 14.25 2.09 0.033 0.005 - 0.037 0.023 99.62 BY-4-7 0.44 0.017 69.90 9.38 - 1.11 14.58 4.51 0.069 0.011 0.025 0.028 0.087 100.17 BY-4-8 0.40 0.012 57.70 23.94 0.001 1.85 14.75 1.69 - 0.020 - 0.014 0.029 100.40 BY-5-1 0.42 - 71.60 8.51 0.001 1.13 13.82 4.45 0.137 0.029 0.048 - 0.010 100.15 BY-5-2 0.290 - 73.32 17.19 0.015 0.42 6.38 1.96 0.021 0.020 - - 0.023 99.64 BY-5-3 0.44 0.007 71.12 7.44 0.027 1.19 14.42 5.41 0.164 - - - 0.095 100.32 BY-5-4 0.46 0.008 74.04 6.53 - 1.08 14.27 3.42 0.045 - 0.023 - 0.061 99.94 BY-5-5 0.32 0.009 74.80 8.08 0.006 1.04 11.72 3.42 0.002 0.015 - 0.050 0.135 99.59 BY-6-1 0.39 - 73.60 22.90 - 0.04 0.42 2.37 - 0.011 - - 0.064 99.80 BY-6-2 0.43 - 71.94 10.69 0.042 1.16 13.15 2.06 0.057 - 0.024 - 0.061 99.61 BY-6-3 0.20 - 70.12 25.45 0.013 0.08 1.30 2.42 0.043 0.030 - 0.02 0.020 99.68 BY-6-4 0.30 0.012 53.04 27.63 0.028 1.79 14.57 1.37 0.029 - 0.017 - 0.123 98.91 BY-7-1 0.44 0.010 71.15 9.24 0.024 1.14 13.20 4.26 0.116 - - 0.028 0.061 99.66 BY-7-2 0.44 0.025 72.91 8.75 - 0.98 13.37 2.46 0.133 - - - 0.074 99.14 BY-7-3 0.45 0.002 72.02 8.55 - 1.04 13.57 4.08 0.107 0.054 - - 0.094 99.98 BY-7-4 0.38 0.031 73.73 12.70 0.014 0.78 9.71 1.76 - - 0.009 - - 99.12 注：所有测点位于同一矿物，测点对应位置参见图 2；“-”表示未检出。
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表 3 别也萨麻斯矿区钽锰矿TIMS U-Pb分析结果
Table 3. TIMS U-Pb dating data of tantalite-(Mn) from Bieyesamasi orefield
参数 测号H-N-1 测号H-N-2 U(mg/g) 13.112 11.845 Pb(mg/g) 3.192 5.421 206Pb/204Pb 25.34 22.02 误差(%) 0.087 0.004 207Pb/235U 0.1701 0.1715 误差(%) 7.34 11.40 206Pb/238U 0.0251 0.0252 误差(%) 0.431 0.61 207Pb/206Pb 0.0490 0.0494 误差(%) 6.98 10.90 206Pb/238U年 160.1 160.2 1σ 0.7 1.0 207Pb/235U年 159.5 160.7 1σ 11.7 18.3 207Pb/206Pb年 150.2 168.2 1σ 10.5 18.3
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