Hydrochemical Prospecting and Its Application in Green Investigation for the Large Mineral Resource Base: A Case Study from Jiulong Area in Western Sichuan Province
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摘要:
“战略性新兴产业矿产调查”工程积极倡导绿色调查新理论新方法在大型资源基地勘查开发中的应用，绿色调查是川西大型锂铍资源基地综合调查评价工作的主要内容之一。本文梳理了水化学找矿法的发展历程与现状，提出了水化学找矿法应用于矿产勘查及环境调查评价中存在的主要问题。在川西九龙湿润半湿润高寒山区，尝试应用水化学找矿法对地表水中的化学异常进行研究，初步阐明应进一步详细调查的锂远景区。实验方法是在野外现场运用多参数测试仪测定地表水的温度（T）、pH值、电导率（EC）、溶解氧（DO）、总溶解性固体（TDS）五个参数，结合电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定锂硼铷锶镍钨钪等微量元素，进而分析水体元素含量特征与矿化的关系。结果表明：研究区水体中的锂硼锶镍含量明显高于背景值，在采集的60件样品中，17%的样品以上微量元素含量超过异常下限（7.76μg/L），其中流经乌拉溪岩体东南角（石头沟）的水体锂含量达到最大值20.1μg/L，是研究区水体锂含量背景值的4.5倍，是异常下限的2.6倍，与矿化的关系密切，其明显的变化规律可作为水化学找锂的找矿标志。研究区内乌拉溪岩体东南部及洛莫岩体周边水体水化学异常与矿化关系明显，可作为下一步详细调查的远景区。研究认为，在当前环境保护战略地位不断提升、绿色勘查力度持续加大、资源调查与环境保护并重的现实条件下，水化学方法对前期找矿部署有指导意义。研究成果为解决川西高原生态脆弱区找矿部署与环境保护等实际问题提供了参考依据。
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关键词:
- 水化学找矿 /
- 锂 /
- 电感耦合等离子体质谱法 /
- 大型资源基地 /
- 绿色调查
Abstract:BACKGROUND The 'Strategic Emerging Industry Mineral Investigation' project actively advocates the application of new theories and methods of green investigation in the exploration and development of large-scale resource bases. Green investigation is one of the main content of the comprehensive investigation and evaluation work of large-scale lithium and beryllium resource bases in western Sichuan.
OBJECTIVES To summarize the development history and current situation of the hydrochemical prospecting method, and the main problems of the hydrochemical prospecting method in mineral exploration and environmental investigation are put forward. To preliminarily elucidate the lithium prospect area which should be further investigated in details, by using hydrochemical prospecting method in the humid and semi-humid alpine mountainous area of Jiulong, West Sichuan.
METHODS The temperature, pH value, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen and total dissolved solids (TDS) of surface water were measured by field multi-parameter tester. The content of trace elements such as Li, B, Rb, Sr, Ni, W and Sc were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
RESULTS The content of lithium, boron, strontium and nickel in the water body of the study area was significantly higher than the background value. Among the 60 samples, more than 17% of the samples had content of trace elements in excess of the abnormal lower limit (7.76μg/L). The lithium content of the water body flowing through the southeast corner of the Wulaxi rock mass (Shitougou) reached the maximum value of 20.1μg/L, which was 4.5 times the background value of the water body lithium content in the study area and 2.6 times the abnormal lower limit. These anomalies were closely related to mineralization, and its obvious change law can be used as a hydrochemical lithium search prospecting sign. The southeastern part of the Wulaxi pluton and the surrounding water body of the Lomo Pluton had an obvious relationship with mineralization, which can be used as a prospective area for the next detailed investigation.
CONCLUSIONS Under the current conditions of continuous improvement of the strategic position of environmental protection, continuous increase of green exploration efforts, and equal emphasis on resource investigation and environmental protection, hydrochemical methods have important guiding significance for early prospecting deployment. The research results provide a reference for solving practical problems such as prospecting deployment and environmental protection bottlenecks in the ecologically fragile areas of the Western Sichuan Plateau.
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表 1 水样中部分微量元素含量特征
Table 1. Characteristics of trace elements contents in water samples
分析项目 Li Ni Sr W V B 最大值(μg/L) 20.1 5.40 505 5.53 6.80 35.0 最小值(μg/L) 0 0.80 31.0 0.05 0.10 1.0 平均值(μg/L) 2.90 1.90 79.0 0.68 1.00 6.0 标准离差 4.00 0.70 78.0 1.09 1.10 10.0 富集系数 0.19 0.08 0.43 1.07 0.02 0.53 变异系数 0.90 0.38 0.80 1.05 0.89 0.89 背景值(μg/L) 4.50 2.0 97.0 1.04 1.30 11.0 异常下限(μg/L) 7.76 2.80 141 1.47 1.77 20.8 数据个数(个) 60 60 60 60 60 60 
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表 2 研究区水体中主要溶解性离子含量
Table 2. Main soluble ions content in water system
分析项目 离子含量(mg/L) Ca2+ Mg2+ Na+ K+ Cl- SO42- HCO3- F- 最大值 66.8 13.7 6.12 11.0 1.57 72.8 171 0.63 最小值 11.0 0.76 0.56 0.74 0.09 0.05 38.7 0.03 平均值 28.3 3.15 2.19 2.64 0.54 9.16 99.8 0.14 标准离差 9.07 2.59 1.21 1.33 0.38 10.4 29.50 0.11 参考值 0.78 0.38 0.3 0.3 0 1.5 7.8 - 注：参考值为常见花岗岩地区的天然河流主要溶质浓度[45]。
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表 3 研究区水环境因子特征
Table 3. Characteristics of environmental factors of water in the study area
统计项目 温度(℃) pH 电导率(μS/cm) 溶解氧(mg/L) TDS (mg/L) 最大值 22.70 8.70 387.00 8.22 245 最小值 9.60 7.31 61.80 6.82 38.6 平均值 15.65 8.24 168.02 7.46 100 标准离差 3.15 0.24 56.82 0.36 35.9
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