水化学找矿法及其在大型资源基地绿色调查中的应用——以川西九龙地区地表水化学找矿为例

于扬; 王伟; 王登红; 高娟琴; 刘善宝; 袁蔺平; 于沨; 张塞

doi:10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202004080040

水化学找矿法及其在大型资源基地绿色调查中的应用——以川西九龙地区地表水化学找矿为例

1.
自然资源部成矿作用与资源评价国家重点实验室, 中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所, 北京 100037

2.
四川省地质矿产勘查开发局地质矿产科学研究所, 四川成都 610036

3.
中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083

基金项目:
中国地质调查局地质调查项目“战略性新兴产业矿产调查工程”之“松潘—甘孜成锂带锂铍多金属大型资源基地综合调查评价”（DD20190173）

详细信息

作者简介: 于扬, 博士, 副研究员, 地球化学专业。E-mail: yuyang_cags@sina.com

通讯作者: 刘善宝, 教授级高级工程师, 主要从事成矿规律、成矿预测和地质勘查及评价工作。E-mail: liubaoshan7002@163.com

中图分类号: X142

收稿日期: 2020-04-08

修回日期: 2020-07-25

录用日期: 2020-11-11

刊出日期: 2021-03-28

Hydrochemical Prospecting and Its Application in Green Investigation for the Large Mineral Resource Base: A Case Study from Jiulong Area in Western Sichuan Province

1.
Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Resource Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China

2.
Geology and Mineral Resources Scientific Institute, Sichuan Exploration Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chengdu 610036, China

3.
School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

More Information

Corresponding author: LIU Shan-bao, liubaoshan7002@163.com

Received Date: 08 April 2020

Revised Date: 25 July 2020

Accepted Date: 11 November 2020

Publish Date: 28 March 2021

摘要

摘要:
“战略性新兴产业矿产调查”工程积极倡导绿色调查新理论新方法在大型资源基地勘查开发中的应用，绿色调查是川西大型锂铍资源基地综合调查评价工作的主要内容之一。本文梳理了水化学找矿法的发展历程与现状，提出了水化学找矿法应用于矿产勘查及环境调查评价中存在的主要问题。在川西九龙湿润半湿润高寒山区，尝试应用水化学找矿法对地表水中的化学异常进行研究，初步阐明应进一步详细调查的锂远景区。实验方法是在野外现场运用多参数测试仪测定地表水的温度（T）、pH值、电导率（EC）、溶解氧（DO）、总溶解性固体（TDS）五个参数，结合电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定锂硼铷锶镍钨钪等微量元素，进而分析水体元素含量特征与矿化的关系。结果表明：研究区水体中的锂硼锶镍含量明显高于背景值，在采集的60件样品中，17%的样品以上微量元素含量超过异常下限（7.76μg/L），其中流经乌拉溪岩体东南角（石头沟）的水体锂含量达到最大值20.1μg/L，是研究区水体锂含量背景值的4.5倍，是异常下限的2.6倍，与矿化的关系密切，其明显的变化规律可作为水化学找锂的找矿标志。研究区内乌拉溪岩体东南部及洛莫岩体周边水体水化学异常与矿化关系明显，可作为下一步详细调查的远景区。研究认为，在当前环境保护战略地位不断提升、绿色勘查力度持续加大、资源调查与环境保护并重的现实条件下，水化学方法对前期找矿部署有指导意义。研究成果为解决川西高原生态脆弱区找矿部署与环境保护等实际问题提供了参考依据。
- 水化学找矿 /
- 锂 /
- 电感耦合等离子体质谱法 /
- 大型资源基地 /
- 绿色调查
Abstract: BACKGROUND
The 'Strategic Emerging Industry Mineral Investigation' project actively advocates the application of new theories and methods of green investigation in the exploration and development of large-scale resource bases. Green investigation is one of the main content of the comprehensive investigation and evaluation work of large-scale lithium and beryllium resource bases in western Sichuan.
OBJECTIVES
To summarize the development history and current situation of the hydrochemical prospecting method, and the main problems of the hydrochemical prospecting method in mineral exploration and environmental investigation are put forward. To preliminarily elucidate the lithium prospect area which should be further investigated in details, by using hydrochemical prospecting method in the humid and semi-humid alpine mountainous area of Jiulong, West Sichuan.
METHODS
The temperature, pH value, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen and total dissolved solids (TDS) of surface water were measured by field multi-parameter tester. The content of trace elements such as Li, B, Rb, Sr, Ni, W and Sc were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
RESULTS
The content of lithium, boron, strontium and nickel in the water body of the study area was significantly higher than the background value. Among the 60 samples, more than 17% of the samples had content of trace elements in excess of the abnormal lower limit (7.76μg/L). The lithium content of the water body flowing through the southeast corner of the Wulaxi rock mass (Shitougou) reached the maximum value of 20.1μg/L, which was 4.5 times the background value of the water body lithium content in the study area and 2.6 times the abnormal lower limit. These anomalies were closely related to mineralization, and its obvious change law can be used as a hydrochemical lithium search prospecting sign. The southeastern part of the Wulaxi pluton and the surrounding water body of the Lomo Pluton had an obvious relationship with mineralization, which can be used as a prospective area for the next detailed investigation.
CONCLUSIONS
Under the current conditions of continuous improvement of the strategic position of environmental protection, continuous increase of green exploration efforts, and equal emphasis on resource investigation and environmental protection, hydrochemical methods have important guiding significance for early prospecting deployment. The research results provide a reference for solving practical problems such as prospecting deployment and environmental protection bottlenecks in the ecologically fragile areas of the Western Sichuan Plateau.
- hydrochemical prospecting /
- lithium /
- inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry /
- large mineral resource base /
- green investigation

HTML全文

图 1 采样点分布图

Figure 1.

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图 2 部分微量元素与主要离子相关性图解

Figure 2.

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图 4 水体中Li、Sr、Ni、W元素空间分布

Figure 4.

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图 3 研究区水化学Piper图

Figure 3.

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表 1 水样中部分微量元素含量特征

Table 1. Characteristics of trace elements contents in water samples

分析项目	Li	Ni	Sr	W	V	B
最大值(μg/L)	20.1	5.40	505	5.53	6.80	35.0
最小值(μg/L)	0	0.80	31.0	0.05	0.10	1.0
平均值(μg/L)	2.90	1.90	79.0	0.68	1.00	6.0
标准离差	4.00	0.70	78.0	1.09	1.10	10.0
富集系数	0.19	0.08	0.43	1.07	0.02	0.53
变异系数	0.90	0.38	0.80	1.05	0.89	0.89
背景值(μg/L)	4.50	2.0	97.0	1.04	1.30	11.0
异常下限(μg/L)	7.76	2.80	141	1.47	1.77	20.8
数据个数(个)	60	60	60	60	60	60

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表 2 研究区水体中主要溶解性离子含量

Table 2. Main soluble ions content in water system

分析项目	离子含量(mg/L)
分析项目	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Na⁺	K⁺	Cl^-	SO₄^2-	HCO₃^-	F^-
最大值	66.8	13.7	6.12	11.0	1.57	72.8	171	0.63
最小值	11.0	0.76	0.56	0.74	0.09	0.05	38.7	0.03
平均值	28.3	3.15	2.19	2.64	0.54	9.16	99.8	0.14
标准离差	9.07	2.59	1.21	1.33	0.38	10.4	29.50	0.11
参考值	0.78	0.38	0.3	0.3	0	1.5	7.8	-
注：参考值为常见花岗岩地区的天然河流主要溶质浓度^[45]。

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表 3 研究区水环境因子特征

Table 3. Characteristics of environmental factors of water in the study area

统计项目	温度(℃)	pH	电导率(μS/cm)	溶解氧(mg/L)	TDS (mg/L)
最大值	22.70	8.70	387.00	8.22	245
最小值	9.60	7.31	61.80	6.82	38.6
平均值	15.65	8.24	168.02	7.46	100
标准离差	3.15	0.24	56.82	0.36	35.9

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