Content Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Soil Selenium in Western Muchuan County, Sichuan Province
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摘要:
硒是人体和动物必需的微量有益元素，摄入适量硒是提高人群生活质量的重要标志。食用富硒农产品是缺硒地区人体获取和补充硒元素的重要途径。调查土壤硒的含量特征、圈定富硒土壤资源分布区、查明土壤硒迁移富集的影响因素，是高效利用富硒土壤资源和科学开发富硒农产品的重要依据。本文选择四川省沐川县西部地区采集土壤样品，采用原子荧光光谱法、X射线荧光光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱/发射光谱法等方法测定土壤中Se、Al2O3、TFe2O3、OrgC、Cd等元素含量和pH值，利用统计学及相关分析等方法研究了土壤硒等元素含量和分布特征，并对土壤硒含量的主要影响因素进行探讨。结果表明：①研究区表层土壤硒含量范围为0.08~1.30mg/kg，平均含量为0.39±0.15mg/kg，满足富硒土壤条件的土壤面积为112km2，占研究区总面积的52%，其中无公害富硒土壤面积为35km2。土壤Cd含量是造成富硒土壤和无公害富硒土壤面积具有较大差异性的主要因素。②地质背景与土壤硒含量密切相关，富硒土壤主要受含碳酸盐岩及夹碳质地层的砂岩、粉砂岩等地层控制，土壤硒来源稳定；③土壤硒含量随pH值、风化程度的降低而升高，随有机质、TFe2O3、S含量的升高而升高，其中有机质对土壤硒的影响显著大于TFe2O3，表明该区域铁氧化物对硒的吸附能力低于有机质。综上所述，研究区富硒土壤资源丰富，建议当地充分利用相关资源开发富硒农产品，同时应注重有机肥的平衡施肥，并进一步加强土壤-作物系统中硒迁移富集影响因素的协同分析。
Abstract:BACKGROUND Selenium (Se) is an essential beneficial trace element for human and animals; taking an appropriate amount of selenium is an important sign to improve the quality of life. Eating selenium-rich agricultural products is an important way for humans to obtain and supplement selenium in low-Se regions. Investigating the content characteristics of soil selenium, delineating the distribution of selenium-enriched soil resources and identifying the influencing factors of soil selenium migration and enrichment can provide a sound basis for the efficient utilization of selenium-enriched soil resources and scientific development of selenium-enriched agricultural products.
OBJECTIVES To reveal the content, distribution characteristics and influencing factors of selenium in soils from the study area.
METHODS Soil samples were collected from the western area of Muchuan County, Sichuan Province. AFS, ICP-MS and XRF were used to determine the elemental content (Se, Al2O3, TFe2O3, OrgC, Cd) and pH values. The content, distribution and influencing factors of soil selenium in the study area were evaluated using statistical and correlation analysis.
RESULTS The results showed that: (1) The content of selenium in the study area ranged from 0.08 to 1.30mg/kg, with an average value of 0.39±0.15mg/kg. The selenium-rich land was 112km2, accounting for 52% of the total area, of which the nuisanceless selenium-rich land was 35km2. Soil Cd content was the main factor causing the great difference between selenium-enrich soil and nuisanceless selenium-rich soil. (2) The geological background was closely related to the soil selenium content, which was mainly controlled by carbonate rocks, sandstone and siltstone intercalated with carbonaceous strata. The source of soil selenium was stable. (3) The soil selenium content decreased with pH and ba value, meanwhile, they increased with TFe2O3 and S content. The effect of organic matter on soil selenium was significantly greater than TFe2O3, indicating that the adsorption capacity of TFe2O3 for selenium in this area was lower than organic matter.
CONCLUSIONS Selenium-enriched land resources are abundant in the study area. The content of soil selenium is affected by geological background and physical and chemical properties. It is suggested that local governments make full use of relevant resources to develop selenium-enriched agricultural products. At the same time, attention should be paid to the balanced fertilization of organic fertilizers. The collaborative analysis of factors affecting the migration and enrichment of selenium in the soil-crop system should be further strengthened.
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表 1 各指标分析测试的检出限
Table 1. Detection limit of analyzed indicators
分析项目 检出限 分析项目 检出限 As 0.3mg/kg Al2O3 0.05% Cd 0.03mg/kg TFe2O3 0.05% Cr 3mg/kg S 30mg/kg Hg 0.0005mg/kg pH 0.1 Pb 2mg/kg OrgC 0.1% Se 0.01mg/kg 
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表 2 土壤硒含量划分界限值
Table 2. Threshold between abundance and deficiency of soil selenium
土壤硒等级 硒含量(mg/kg) 硒总体情况 缺乏 ≤0.125 缺硒 边缘 0.125~0.175 硒潜在不足 适量 0.175~0.40 足硒 高 0.4~3.0 富硒 过剩 ＞3.0 硒中毒
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表 3 主要成土母岩区土壤硒地球化学参数
Table 3. Geochemical parameters of selenium concentration in soils derived from different parent rocks
地层 样本数(件) Se含量(mg/kg) 标准偏差(mg/kg) 变异系数 最大值 最小值 平均值 白垩系 K1w 26 0.65 0.30 0.38 0.07 0.19 侏罗系 J3p 87 0.52 0.15 0.33 0.07 0.22 J3sn 90 0.66 0.14 0.33 0.09 0.28 J2s 383 0.67 0.08 0.32 0.08 0.25 J1z 243 1.13 0.09 0.39 0.11 0.28 三叠系 T3x 138 1.08 0.12 0.46 0.14 0.31 T3k-x 170 0.78 0.25 0.47 0.09 0.20 T2l 79 0.78 0.35 0.53 0.11 0.21 T1-2f-l 52 1.30 0.31 0.63 0.20 0.31 T1f-j 27 0.70 0.32 0.48 0.09 0.18 二叠系 P2x 27 1.16 0.33 0.67 0.25 0.37
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表 4 不同土地利用方式土壤硒地球化学参数
Table 4. Geochemical parameters of selenium concentration in soils with different land use types
土地利用方式 样本数(件) Se含量(mg/kg) 标准偏差(mg/kg) 变异系数 最大值 最小值 平均值 水田 386 0.73 0.13 0.39 0.10 0.26 旱地 798 1.30 0.09 0.41 0.16 0.38 茶园 108 1.20 0.24 0.47 0.19 0.39
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