Distribution Law and Influencing Factors of Molybdenum in Soils and Crops in Luoyang, Henan Province
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摘要:
钼是人体和农作物必需的有益元素，具有防癌抗癌作用。由于不同地区土壤中钼含量和土壤酸碱性的不同，农作物中钼含量有很大差异，同时不同农作物对钼的吸收也不相同。研究不同农作物中钼富集规律可以为健康地质发展、富钼农产品开发、功能农业发展、种植结构调整提供依据。本文以洛阳市硒资源详查区及其他农业种植区为研究区，通过采集22种大田种植的农作物及其根系土，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定土壤和农作物钼含量，研究了不同农作物钼含量特征及其影响因素。结果表明：洛阳市土壤钼含量较高，是中国土壤富钼特色地区。绿豆、豇豆、黑豆、黄豆、红小豆和花生是富集钼的主要农作物，钼平均含量>9mg/kg，富集系数>500%，属于钼的超富集农作物。芝麻、豆角、谷子、小麦、玉米和油菜籽钼含量较高，钼含量均值介于0.446~2.437mg/kg，富集系数介于40%~300%，属于富钼农作物。辣椒、大蒜、红薯、秋葵的钼含量介于0.1~0.3mg/kg，富集系数介于10%~30%，属于高钼农作物。苹果、梨、葡萄、石榴、樱桃与中药材银条的钼含量 < 0.05mg/kg，富集系数 < 5%，是低钼农作物。大多数农作物钼含量与根系土钼含量呈正相关，而苹果、葡萄、石榴、樱桃等水果钼含量与根系土钼含量呈负相关。研究揭示了在碱性环境下土壤中的钼更容易被农作物吸收。区内农作物与中国其他地区相比均呈富钼特征，是开发富钼农业产业的有利地区。依据不同农作物钼含量，选择出绿豆、豇豆、黑豆、黄豆、红小豆和花生是研究区特色富钼农产品，芝麻、豆角、谷子、小麦、玉米和油菜籽是富钼农产品，辣椒、大蒜、红薯、秋葵属于高钼农作物。本成果为研究区富钼农产品开发、调整种植结构提供了科学依据。
Abstract:BACKGROUND Molybdenum is an essential and beneficial element for humans and crops and has an anti-cancer effect. The content of molybdenum and the pH of the soils are different in different regions, the content of molybdenum in crops varies greatly. At the same time, different crops have a different absorption ability of molybdenum. Studying the rules of molybdenum enrichment in different crops provides a basis for the development of healthy geology, the development of molybdenum-rich agricultural products, the development of functional agriculture, and the adjustment of planting structure.
OBJECTIVES To investigate Mo content in different crops and their controlling factors.
METHODS This study used the detailed survey area of selenium resources in Luoyang City and other agricultural planting areas as the research object. By collecting 22 kinds of crops and their root soils, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine the molybdenum content in soils and crops, and the characteristics and influencing factors of the content of molybdenum in different crops were studied.
RESULTS The content of molybdenum in the soil of Luoyang City was relatively high, which was the characteristic area of molybdenum-rich soil in China. Mung bean, cowpea, black bean, yellow bean, red bean and peanuts were the main molybdenum enrichment crops, with average >9mg/kg molybdenum content and enrichment factor >500%, which belonged to the molybdenum hyperaccumulator. Sesame, long bean, millet, wheat, corns and rapeseed had high molybdenum content, which ranged from 0.446mg/kg to 2.437mg/kg, and the enrichment coefficient ranged from 40% to 300%, which were molybdenum rich crops. The content of molybdenum in chili, garlic, sweet potatoes and okra ranged from 0.1mg/kg to 0.3mg/kg, and the enrichment factor ranged from 10% to 30%, which were high-molybdenum crops. The content of molybdenum in apple, pear, grape, pomegranate, cherry and Stachys floridana Schuttl.ex Benth was less than 0.05mg/kg, and the enrichment factor was less than 5%, which was a low-molybdenum crop. The content of molybdenum in most crops was positively correlated with that in root soils, while the content of molybdenum in apple, grape, pomegranate, and cherry was negatively correlated within the molybdenum content in the root soils.
CONCLUSIONS Studies have shown that molybdenum in soils is more easily absorbed by crops under an alkaline environment. Compared with other areas in China, the crop in the area is richer in molybdenum, so it is a favorable area for the development of a molybdenum-rich agricultural industry. According to the molybdenum content of different crops, mung bean, cowpea, black bean, yellow bean, red bean and peanuts were selected as the characteristic Mo-rich agricultural products in the study area; sesame, long bean, millet, wheat, corns and rapeseed were Mo-rich agricultural products; pepper, garlic, sweet potato and okra were high Mo agricultural products. The results provide a scientific basis for the development and adjustment of the molybdenum-rich agricultural product planting structure in the study area.
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Key words:
- Luoyang City /
- crops /
- molybdenum /
- enrichment factor /
- GeoHealth /
- inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry
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表 1 土壤和农作物钼元素分析质量要求
Table 1. Analytical quality of molybdenum in soils and crops
样品种类 要求检出限(mg/kg) 分析检出限(mg/kg) 准确度(△lgC) 准确度(△lgC) 合格率(%) RSD (%) 精密度合格率(%) 土壤 0.3 0.3 0.005 100 5.45 100 农产品 - 0.002 0.04 100 6.02 100 
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表 2 农作物中钼元素外检分析结果对比
Table 2. Comparison of external analytical results of molybdenum in crops
序号 原始样钼含量(mg/kg) 外检样钼含量(mg/kg) 相对双差(%) 序号 原始样钼含量(mg/kg) 外检样钼含量(mg/kg) 相对双差(%) 1 1.58 1.77 11.34 20 1.08 1.17 8.00 2 0.14 0.13 7.41 21 0.08 0.08 0.00 3 1 1.07 6.76 22 6.62 6.23 6.07 4 0.91 1.09 18.00 23 1.4 1.63 15.18 5 0.89 0.92 3.31 24 1.02 0.87 15.87 6 0.71 0.84 16.77 25 0.89 0.73 19.75 7 1.43 1.45 1.39 26 0.85 0.74 13.84 8 0.42 0.34 21.05 27 0.89 0.88 1.13 9 0.12 0.13 8.00 28 1.65 1.66 0.60 10 1.17 1.34 13.55 29 1.36 1.33 2.23 11 1.55 1.28 19.08 30 11.4 11 3.57 12 1.56 1.45 7.31 31 20.2 20.4 0.99 13 1.04 0.87 17.80 32 1.3 1.05 21.28 14 7.29 9.07 21.76 33 0.4 0.34 16.22 15 8.87 11.2 23.22 34 0.08 0.08 0.00 16 1.39 1.28 8.24 35 0.08 0.08 0.00 17 1.02 1.19 15.38 36 1.37 1.2 13.23 18 1.81 2.17 18.09 37 1.72 1.53 11.69 19 18.84 22.5 17.71 38 0.85 0.72 16.56
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表 3 研究区土壤钼元素地球化学特征值
Table 3. Geochemical characteristic values of molybdenum in soils of the study area
测定参数 样品数(件) 研究区土壤平均值 研究区土壤特征值范围 河南省土壤背景值 中国土壤背景值[31] 研究区土壤平均值/河南省土壤背景值 研究区土壤平均值/中国土壤背景值 土壤钼含量(mg/kg) 5794 1.29 0.43~23.2 0.55 0.67 2.35 1.93 根系土钼含量(mg/kg) 716 1.55 0.55~67.7 0.55 0.67 2.82 2.31 有机质含量(%) 5794 1.89 0.17~17.43 1.55 1.84 1.22 1.03 土壤pH 5794 7.53 4.59~8.56 8.07 7.67 0.93 0.98 根系土pH 716 7.65 4.59~8.56 8.07 7.67 0.95 0.997
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表 4 洛阳市不同农作物及根土钼含量和富集特征
Table 4. Molybdenum contents and enrichment characteristics of different crops and root soils in Luoyang City
农作物种类 样品数(件) 根系土钼均值(mg/kg) 根系土钼含量范围(mg/kg) 农作物钼均值(mg/kg) 农作物钼含量范围(mg/kg) 生物富集系数均值(%) 生物富集系数范围(%) 绿豆 4 1.38 0.89~2.5 14.68 9.66~18.84 1326.75 386.48~2038.69 豇豆 1 0.81 - 14.14 - 1754.4 - 黑豆 4 0.75 0.57~1.00 9.22 7.21~11.01 1261.11 987.92~1644.48 黄豆 20 1.09 0.72~3.12 10.97 0.32~22.00 1097.89 80.58~2291.67 红小豆 1 1.90 - 9.6 - 505.25 - 花生 49 1.71 0.61~5.04 9.71 0.44~29.34 675.91 54.75~1630.11 豆角 2 0.73 0.70~0.75 2.06 1.80~2.31 284.69 240.59~328.78 芝麻 35 1.78 0.68~4.40 2.437 0.31~6.93 158.39 29.19~379.21 谷子 34 1.45 0.79~3.53 1.3 0.32~2.63 98.45 25.11~235.00 小麦 174 1.37 0.57~11.2 1.03 0.12~3.08 92.56 7.97~254.91 玉米 175 2.08 0.68~67.7 0.603 0.05~3.86 44.04 5.47~127.68 油菜籽 15 1.19 0.64~3.10 0.446 0.38~0.649 45.24 14.66~79.14 辣椒 2 1.00 0.92~1.08 0.266 0.238~0.293 26.48 25.82~27.14 大蒜 16 1.23 0.85~1.82 0.202 0.056~0.52 15.67 5.14~28.57 红薯 125 1.52 0.67~13.4 0.178 0.033~0.735 13.91 1.43~34.70 秋葵 1 0.84 - 0.118 - 14.02 - 银条 17 1.00 0.64~1.74 0.042 0.016~0.109 4.30 1.71~7.44 石榴 3 0.94 0.84~1.02 0.036 0.032~0.039 3.83 3.16~4.72 葡萄 3 0.88 0.84~0.90 0.024 0.013~0.043 2.77 1.45~5.13 苹果 13 0.70 0.57~0.79 0.012 0.005~0.022 1.74 0.68~3.14 梨 20 0.75 0.55~1.16 0.011 0.004~0.021 1.43 0.49~3.02 樱桃 2 0.76 0.75~0.77 0.0085 0.006~0.011 1.12 0.8~1.44
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表 5 洛阳市根系土钼含量及pH值与农作物钼含量的关系
Table 5. Relatoinship between molybdenum contents and pH of root soil and molybdenum contents of crops in Luoyang City
农作物种类 样品数(件) 根系土钼含量与农作物钼含量关系 R2 农作物钼含量与土壤pH值关系 R2 玉米 175 y=0.0556x+0.4865 0.497 y=0.0047x2.3307 0.148 小麦 174 y=0.3639lnx+0.9813 0.144 y=0.0022x2.9471 0.244 红薯 125 y=0.0432x+0.1122 0.352 y=2×10-5x4.4983 0.263 花生 49 y=1.7779x+6.6766 0.105 y=8×10-5x5.7563 0.359 芝麻 35 y=1.6711x0.4482 0.143 y=0.0074e0.7425x 0.524 谷子 34 y=0.985x0.5568 0.197 y=0.0971x1.2203 0.035 黄豆 20 y=9.1861x0.2975 0.015 y=7.7935x-48.724 0.307 梨 20 y=0.01x0.3272 0.0097 y=2×10-7x5.3294 0.175 银条 17 y=0.0277x+0.0139 0.192 y=3×10-7x5.7776 0.162 大蒜 16 y=0.5755x2-1.2488x+0.8086 0.6 y=1.4467x2-23.533x+95.841 0.129 油菜籽 15 y=0.0413x+0.397 0.183 y=-0.2539x2+3.6565x-12.669 0.26 苹果 13 y=0.2011e-4.166x 0.216 y=7×10-9x6.9153 0.194 绿豆 4 y=21.991e-0.316x 0.632 y=0.0737e0.6796x 0.63 黑豆 4 y=42.718x2-63.417x+31.7315 0.713 y=3.4449x-15.452 0.947 石榴 3 y=-0.038x+0.0713 0.992 y=0.0004e0.5712x 0.936 葡萄 3 y=-0.5374x+0.4954 0.992 y=-0.0061x+0.0712 0.0054 豆角 2 y=1.0545x-0.3045 1 y=-5.9755x+13.756 1 辣椒 2 y=-0.6847x+1.6077 1 y=-7.0917x+14.422 1 樱桃 2 y=-0.7638x+1.5338 1 y=-7.4088x+ 4.824 1
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表 6 研究区与福建省农作物及根系土钼含量对比
Table 6. Comparison of molybdenum contents in crops and root soils in the study area and Fujian Province
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表 7 研究区不同土壤钼含量对应的农作物钼含量
Table 7. Molybdenum contents in the study area corresponding to the different soils and crops
农作物种类 富钼土壤 非富钼土壤 样品数(件) 根系土钼含量平均值(mg/kg) 农作物钼含量平均值(mg/kg) 样品数(件) 根系土钼含量平均值(mg/kg) 农作物钼含量平均值(mg/kg) 玉米 145 2.34 0.64 30 0.79 0.42 小麦 126 1.6 1.12 48 0.76 0.79 红薯 105 1.66 0.19 20 0.79 0.13 花生 42 1.87 10.59 7 0.75 4.47 芝麻 29 1.98 2.68 6 0.79 1.24 谷子 32 1.49 1.36 2 0.803 0.327 黄豆 16 1.17 12.07 4 0.76 6.54 银条 9 1.27 0.049 8 0.7 0.034 油菜籽 9 1.49 0.45 6 0.75 0.44 黑豆 1 0.998 11.01 3 0.67 8.63 梨 4 0.96 0.0089 16 0.7 0.011 石榴 2 0.993 0.034 1 0.84 0.039
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