页岩纳米有机孔结构表征技术研究进展

陈维堃; 腾格尔; 张春贺; 方镕慧; 张聪; 白名岗; 王梓; 夏响华

doi:10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202111170175

页岩纳米有机孔结构表征技术研究进展

1.
中国地质调查局非常规油气地质重点实验室，北京 100083

2.
中国地质调查局油气资源调查中心，北京 100083

基金项目:
国家自然科学基金项目“FIB-TEM-ASM原位研究页岩有机质结构演化与成孔机制”(42172171)

详细信息

作者简介: 陈维堃，硕士，助理工程师，主要从事沉积储层方面的实验分析和研究工作。E-mail: 1059687070@qq.com

通讯作者: 腾格尔，博士，研究员，主要从事地球化学与石油地质综合研究和实验地质研究。E-mail: tenggeer@mail.cgs.gov.cn

中图分类号: O657.31

收稿日期: 2021-11-17

修回日期: 2022-02-18

录用日期: 2022-03-13

刊出日期: 2022-11-28

A Review of Research Progress on Characterization Technology of Nano Organic Pore Structure in Shale

1.
Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Geology, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100083, China

2.
Oil & Gas Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100083, China

More Information

Corresponding author: Tenger, tenggeer@mail.cgs.gov.cn

Received Date: 17 November 2021

Revised Date: 18 February 2022

Accepted Date: 13 March 2022

Publish Date: 28 November 2022

摘要

摘要:
页岩气开发利用已成为保障国家能源安全和实现全球碳中和目标的重要路径。页岩气储层是页岩气勘探开发的直接目的层，是以有机孔为主的纳米孔隙系统，具有源储一体、低孔低渗和非达西流动等特性，对其评价需要突破传统的无机孔隙评价思路的束缚和纳米尺度表征技术的瓶颈，采用更高精度、高分辨率的实验技术表征纳米孔隙并刻画有机孔，已成为页岩气储层研究和实验技术攻关的焦点。有机孔于2009年在北美Barnett页岩中首次发现以来，对其表征技术和发育特征研究进展显著：①建立了多尺度多类型的纳米孔隙表征技术，其中以压汞-吸附联合测定法和脉冲衰减法为主的微观结构定量表征技术，可准确获得孔径为0.35~10000nm、渗透率＜1μD范围内页岩物性和全孔径分布的定量参数；以场发射扫描电镜和显微计算机断层扫描(CT)技术为主的高分辨率显微镜扫描则形成了纳米孔隙的多尺度结构重构技术，可提供二维-三维图像信息；②有机孔的形成演化受有机质类型和成岩演化等诸多因素协同控制，揭示各影响因素间的内在联系及有机质分子结构的物理演化规律是查明页岩储层非均质性的关键，初步认为有机孔形成与保持的实质在于成烃过程中分解与缩合反应竞争的空间效应；③前人建立了一系列干酪根和沥青结构模型，为分子层面上研究有机孔成因机制和演化规律提供了理论基础，透射电镜、原子力显微镜能够立体观测分子空间排列和微观结构内部形态，从纳米尺度上认识有机孔形成与保存机制成为可能；④原位结构成像与成分扫描技术联用，储层描述、成分分析与数字岩心融合，向结构与成分、孔渗性与脆延性一体化动态评价发展，实现微观结构分析到宏观大数据预测的跨越，以满足页岩气地质-工程一体化高效勘探开发的需要。
- 页岩气 /
- 有机孔 /
- 脉冲衰减法 /
- 透射电镜 /
- 分子结构
Abstract: BACKGROUND
The development and utilization of shale gas has become an important way to ensure national energy security and achieve global carbon neutrality goals. Shale gas reservoir is the direct target layer of shale gas exploration and development, because its shale nanopore throat system, dominated by organic pores, has the characteristics of integrated source storage, low porosity, low permeability and non-darcy flow. The evaluation of shale reservoir evaluation needs to break through the bondage of traditional inorganic pore evaluation ideas and the bottleneck of nanoscale characterization technology, and adopt higher precision and resolution experimental technology to characterize nanopores and depict organic pores.
OBJECTIVES
To understand the research progress on characterization technology of nano organic pore structure in shale and explore the evolution mechanism of organic pore formation, its experimental technical bottlenecks and possible solutions.
METHODS
According to the experimental types and principles, shale nanopore analysis can be divided into two types: physical experiment technology and imaging analysis technology. The former mainly carries out quantitative physical experiment analysis of rock physical properties, while the latter carries out microscopic in-situ observation and image analysis of pore structure.
RESULTS
Since organic pores were first discovered in the Barnett shale in North America in 2009, significant progress has been made in studying shale characterization techniques and developmental features. (1)Multi-scale and multi-type nanopore characterization techniques were established. Among them, the quantitative microstructure characterization technologies are dominated by mercury-adsorption joint measurement method and pulse attenuation method. Quantitative parameters of shale physical properties and full aperture distribution ranging from 0.35nm to 10000nm and permeability of < 1μD can be accurately obtained. High-resolution microscopy scanning based on field-emission SEM and microscopy-CT forms a multi-scale structure reconstruction technology of nanopore, and thus 2D-3D image information is available. (2)The formation and evolution of organic pores are controlled by organic matter type, rock evolution and other factors. It is necessary to reveal the internal connection between the influencing factors and the physical evolution law of organic matter molecular structure, which is the key to identify the heterogeneity of shale reservoirs. Formation and keeping of organic pores is in the process of decomposition and condensation reaction competition space effect. (3)Previous studies established a series of kerogen and asphalt structure model for the molecular organic pores evolution mechanism, providing the theoretical basis for research on the genetic mechanism and evolution law of organic pores at the molecular level. Transmission electron microscope and atomic force microscope are used to observe molecular space arrangement and microstructure internal form in stereo. These techniques enable the understanding of the mechanisms of organic pore formation and preservation at the nanoscale.
CONCLUSIONS
In-situ structure imaging and component scanning technology, reservoir description, composition analysis and digital core integration, are developed to the structure and composition, pore permeability and brittle integration dynamic evaluation. A leap from microstructural analysis to macroscopic big data prediction is realized, meeting the needs of efficient exploration and development of shale gas geology and engineering integration.
- shale gas /
- organic pores /
- pulse attenuation method /
- transmission electron microscope /
- molecular structure

HTML全文

图 1 多尺度、多类型的页岩物性及微观结构实验分析技术系列

Figure 1.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 页岩孔隙结构的(a)FIB-SEM三维重构与(b)定量分析

Figure 2.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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