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摘要:
查明土壤中碘的赋存形态及土壤中碘的迁移转化规律，对于评估碘的生物地球化学行为以及预防人类碘缺乏病具有重要意义。本文基于前人研究，阐述了土壤中碘的来源，并总结了土壤中碘的含量、形态及其影响因素。大气的干湿沉降、土壤母质岩石的风化作用以及植物的吸收与释放是土壤中碘的主要来源。国内外土壤中碘的平均含量约为1~5mg/kg，且主要以有机碘形态存在，有机质则是影响土壤中碘的含量及形态变化的重要因素。吸附是土壤碘迁移转化的主要过程。酸性条件下土壤矿物表面的羟基基团以质子化形式存在，有利于对碘的吸附。由于土壤中成分复杂，建立一个完整的土壤碘数据库是探究土壤碘有关方面的基础；需要进一步寻求更优的土壤碘的分析方法；研究土壤对碘的吸附作用机理以及有机质与微生物对土壤中碘的产生的作用机理也是未来研究的重要方向。
Abstract:BACKGROUND Identifying the occurrence form of iodine in soil and the law of iodine migration and transformation in soil is of great significance for evaluating the biogeochemical behavior of iodine and preventing human iodine deficiency diseases.
OBJECTIVES To review the source, content, speciation, transportation, and transformation of iodine in soils; and briefly summarize the transportation of iodine between soil and plants.
METHODS The source, content, speciation, transportation, and transformation characteristics of iodine in soils were reviewed. The influences of soil types, environmental factors, organic matter, microbial activity, pH, and Eh on iodine dynamics were summarized. Great emphasis was laid on the main factors affecting the sorption of iodine in soil, which is the key process regulating soil iodine mobility and bioavailability.
RESULTS The dry and wet deposition of the atmosphere, the weathering of the soil parent rock, and the absorption and release of plants are the main sources of iodine in soil. Iodine contents in soil typically range from 1 to 5mg/kg. Organic iodine is the dominant form of iodine in soil due to the close association of iodine with organic matter, which is the critical factor affecting soil iodine dynamics. Sorption is the key process regulating soil iodine mobility and bioavailability. Under acidic conditions, hydroxyl groups on soil mineral surface are protonated, and thus facilitating iodine sorption via electrostatic interaction.
CONCLUSIONS Due to the complex composition of soil, establishing a complete soil iodine database is the basis for exploring soil iodine related aspects. It is necessary to further seek better soil iodine analysis methods. Studying the adsorption mechanism of soil iodine and the effect of organic matter and microorganisms on iodine in soil are also an important direction for future research.
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Key words:
- iodine /
- soil /
- speciation /
- transportation and transformation
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土壤类型 含碘量(mg/kg) 土壤类型 含碘量(mg/kg) 砖红壤 4.78 黑土 2.57 紫色土 1.15 红壤 7.06 绵土 1.33 黄壤 5.56 白浆土 1.62 暗棕壤 2.35 水稻土 1.56 黑钙土 3.05 灰漠土 3.59 灰钙土 1.80 黄褐土 1.11 黑垆土 1.67 棕漠土 1.20 潮土 1.99 褐土 1.63 枣红土 2.64 沼泽土 1.91 草甸土 2.14 栗钙土 2.08 盐土 2.46 碱土 1.17 
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土壤来源 土壤深度(cm) 有机质含量(mg/kg) 碘含量(mg/kg) 新疆和田 - 24.21 2.8 四川峨眉山 0~16 39.3 3.5 16~60 20.5 2.4 60~100 14.0 2.2 内蒙古扎兰屯 0~1 94.7 4.2 1~9 27.2 3.0 9~26 10.0 2.3 26~34 7.6 2.1 内蒙古扎兰屯 0~20 24.3 3.6 20~44 17.0 3.3 44~77 15.0 3.0 77~100 11.9 3.6 德比郡(北) 0~15 14.76 8.32 15~31 8.50 9.40 31~45 3.25 7.51 45~61 3.47 5.82
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