Research Progress on the Application of Strontium Isotope Analysis Techniques in Geology: A Review
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摘要:
锶同位素具有时间相关性和环境敏感性等独特的地球化学性质。随着测试技术的不断成熟与理论体系的逐渐完善，锶同位素已成为地学研究的关键技术手段。然而，由于外界复杂环境对锶同位素比值的异常干扰，基于热电离质谱法(TIMS)或多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(MC-ICP-MS)的常规测试结果可能难以准确解释某些地质演化过程。由此，本文基于锶同位素的固有性质和演化特征，总结了锶同位素分析过程中的样品制备和测试方法，并阐明锶同位素在地层学、岩石学、矿床学和水文地质学等方向的最新进展与认识。锶同位素地层学已形成了包含509百万年至今海水锶同位素变迁的时间序列图，但锶同位素组成受岩浆活动和风化作用等多种因素干扰，作为地层学指标时需要结合特定地质背景仔细校正和解释。岩石学领域通常结合锶同位素区分不同类型岩石的成因、沉积岩石的成岩历程、古环境变迁以及地壳构造活动，然而由于风化、变质作用的影响，锶同位素信息可能无法准确解释岩石成因。锶同位素在矿床学领域用于确定矿床成矿物质来源、流体演化过程和矿床成因类型，但铷-锶同位素体系在高温下可能会因扩散作用和矿物重组等因素导致重置，影响矿物年龄的确定。水文地质学领域利用锶同位素分析地下水的来源和水-岩相互作用过程，而复杂的地下水系统可能使得锶同位素的解释较为困难。据此，本文认为未来需要在重建古海洋锶同位素比值的精确历史、揭示不同温度条件下锶同位素分馏机制、开发精细的锶同位素示踪技术等方面开展深入研究，为锶同位素理论发展及应用提供支撑。
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关键词:
- 锶同位素 /
- 分析技术 /
- 地层学 /
- 岩石学；矿床学；水文地质学
Abstract:Strontium (Sr) isotopes have unique geochemical properties, such as time dependence and environmental sensitivity. With the development of testing technology and theoretical systems, using Sr isotopes has become a key technique in geoscience research. However, due to the abnormal interference of the Sr isotope ratio in the complex environment, it may be challenging to appropriately interpret some geological evolution processes using conventional analytical results based on thermal ionization mass spectrometer (TIMS) or multicollector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS). Based on the inherent properties and evolutionary characteristics of Sr isotopes, the sample preparation and measurement methods in the process of Sr isotope analysis are summarized, and the latest progress and understanding of Sr isotope in stratigraphy, petrology, ore deposit science and hydrogeology are expounded. It is pointed out that Sr isotope stratigraphy has formed a time series map containing the changes of Sr isotope in seawater from 509 million years to the present. When Sr isotopes are employed as a stratigraphic index, it must be properly corrected and interpreted in accordance with a particular geological context because it is influenced by a variety of processes, including weathering and magmatic interference. In the field of petrology, the diagenetic processes of sedimentary rocks, the genesis of various rock types, changes in the paleoenvironment, and crustal tectonic activity are all typically distinguished using Sr isotopes. However, the information provided by Sr isotopes is insufficient to precisely describe the creation of rocks because of the impact of weathering and metamorphism. Sr isotopes are used in the field of ore deposit science to determine the source of ore-forming materials, the process of fluid evolution, and the genetic type of ore deposit. However, at high temperatures, diffusion and mineral recombination can cause the Rb-Sr isotope system to reset, which can interfere with determining the age of the material. The complicated groundwater system may make it challenging to interpret Sr isotopes, which is used in hydrogeology to examine the origin of groundwater and the water-rock interaction. Therefore, the following recommendations for future research are proposed: to reconstruct the accurate history of the paleomarine Sr isotope ratio, to uncover the mechanism of Sr isotope fractionation at varying temperatures, and to develop fine Sr isotope tracer technology to overcome the limitations of current Sr isotope research. The advancement and utilization of Sr isotope theory has been strengthened by this review.
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