DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF HEAVY METALS IN THE COASTAL SEDIMENT OF SOUTHERN HAINAN ISLAND AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT
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摘要:
通过多种测试手段对海南岛南部滨海地区164个站位表层沉积物样品进行了重金属含量分析，探讨了重金属元素来源及分布特征，并对其生态风险进行了评价，结果表明:研究区Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、As、Hg和Cd等元素含量分别为10.45、22.38、53.72、23.42、4.52、0.09和0.05 μg/g。重金属元素主要富集在新村港及榆林湾等地，其Hg元素较同类旅游港湾明显偏高。Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr主要来源为自然风化和侵蚀，其含量与分布受粒度制约；As元素分布主要受人类活动影响；有机质降解过程释放的金属离子以及人为因素是Hg、Cd的主要来源。单一重金属污染物对底质环境影响较小，潜在生态危害指数综合评价结果表明，部分站位表层沉积物已经受到重金属污染，各重金属潜在生态危害等级排序依次为Hg＞As＞Cd＞Pb＞Cu＞Cr＞Zn，Hg元素是主要潜在的生态风险，应加强对其监控。
Abstract:The southern coast of Hainan Island is a famous tropical beach for tourism. Careful management of environment is required. However, there is lack of ecological risks evaluation in the region for heavy metal contamination. We made a survey and data analysis of heavy metals in the region recently. 164 samples of surface sediments were collected and analyzed, and the distribution patterns, influencing factors and possible ecological risk of heavy metals discussed. The results show that the contents of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, As, Hg, Cd are 10.45 μg/g, 22.38 μg/g, 53.72 μg/g, 23.42 μg/g, 4.52 μg/g, 0.09 μg/g, 0.05 μg/g respectively. Heavy metals are enriched in the Yulin Bay and Xincun Harbor. Heavy metals in other areas are relatively low compared to the densely populated harbor areas. Hg is specifically high and increasing in recent years. The contents and distribution of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr are obviously controlled by grain size. They are mainly from natural weathering and erosion. The distribution of As is affected by human factors, and it is mainly from domestic sewages, fish cage culture, oil seepages and other sources. Hg and Cd owe their origin to degradation of organic matters and human activities. Single metal pollutant has little effect on the environment, but the overall evaluation of potential ecological risk index results indicates that in some of the stations, sediments have been contaminated by multiple heavy metals, for examples, in the Yulin Bay and Xincun Lagoon, due to the impact of sewage discharge. Further control of farming and sewage contaminated areas is required in order to prevent the region from heavy metal pollution.
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Key words:
- southern Hainan Island /
- heavy metal /
- distribution /
- material sources /
- ecological risk evaluation
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表 1 研究区沉积物样品的重金属含量统计
Table 1. Contents of heavy metals in the studied area
μg/g 统计量 Cu Zn Pb Cr As Cd Hg N 164 164 164 164 164 164 164 最小值 3.36 18.70 9.67 1.06 0.11 0.00 0.02 最大值 59.90 194.00 55.10 83.40 8.91 0.35 0.44 平均值 10.45 53.72 22.38 23.42 4.52 0.05 0.09 中间值 8.66 47.85 20.80 17.95 4.67 0.04 0.06 标准差 6.73 29.21 8.04 18.92 2.11 0.05 0.07 变异系数 0.64 0.54 0.36 0.81 0.47 0.91 0.81 沉积物Ⅰ/Ⅱ类质量标准 35/100 150/350 60/130 80/150 20/65 0.5/1.5 0.2/0.5 
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表 2 研究区重金属元素与其他近岸重金属平均含量比较
Table 2. Comparison of average concentrations of heavy metals for study area and other coastal regions
μg/g 地区 Cu Zn Pb Cr As Cd Hg 文献来源 海南岛南部 10.45 53.72 22.38 23.42 4.52 0.05 0.09 文本 珠江口 46.7 110.2 40.9 82.3 26.36 0.37 0.19 文献[19] 海南岛近岸 4.48 21.89 16.09 16.05 5.50 0.03 0.012 文献[20] 青岛近岸 23.1 71.1 25.0 64.3 11.4 0.082 0.032 文献[21] 天津近岸 30.5 77.4 21.6 57.5 5.45 0.147 0.025 文献[22] 北海近岸 8.5 47.1 18.4 / 10.4 0.065 0.039 文献[23] ERL 34 150 46.7 81 8.2 1.2 0.15 文献[24] ERM 270 410 218 370 70 9.6 0.17 文献[24] 注：ERL:生物效应阈值浓度低值；ERM:生物效应阈值浓度中值
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表 3 重金属元素、Al2O3、有机质、中值粒径Pearson相关系数
Table 3. Pearson correlation coefficient of heavy metal elements, Al2O3, organic matter, and Mz
Al2O3 Cu Zn Pb Cr As Cd Hg Mz Org.M Al2O3 1.000 Cu 0.735** 1.000 Zn 0.820** 0.898** 1.000 Pb 0.864** 0.767** 0.864** 1.000 Cr 0.888** 0.709** 0.784** 0.719** 1.000 As 0.315** 0.123 0.163* 0.301** 0.213** 1.000 Cd 0.366** 0.476** 0.501** 0.439** 0.315** -0.118 1.000 Hg 0.322** 0.363** 0.400** 0.438** 0.243** 0.073 0.484** 1.000 Mz 0.718** 0.519** 0.587** 0.505** 0.768** 0.197* 0.284** 0.207** 1.000 Org.M 0.742** 0.848** 0.844** 0.720** 0.689** 0.096 0.649** 0.453** 0.533** 1.000 注：n=164；**表示在0.01水平(双侧)上显著相关；*表示在0.05水平(双侧)上显著相关
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表 4 主成分分析计算结果
Table 4. The calculated results of principal component analysis (PCA)
元素 因子载荷 PC1 PC2 PC3 Cu 0.859 - - Zn 0.907 - - Pb 0.841 - - Cr 0.910 - - As - - 0.952 Cd - 0.734 - Hg - 0.899 - Al2O3 0.914 - - Org.M 0.809 0.442 - 特征值 4.746 1.800 1.136 注：-表示主成分＜0.4
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表 5 重金属含量在不同生物效应浓度范围内样品数占总样品数的比重
Table 5. The proportion of samplesin different biological effect ranges in the total number of samples
/% 元素 ＜ERL ERL-ERM >ERM Cu 99.4(163/164) 0.6(1/164) 0 Zn 99.4(163/164) 0.6(1/164) 0 Pb 98.2(161/164) 1.8(3/164 0 Cr 99.4(163/164) 0.6(1/164) 0 As 95.7(157/164) 4.3(7/164) 0 Cd 100(164/164) 0 0 Hg 86.5(141/164) 13.5(23/164) 0 注：ERL:生物效应阈值浓度低值；ERM:生物效应阈值浓度中值
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表 6 重金属单项污染系数(Cf)和潜在生态危害系数(Er)
Table 6. Single factor evaluation(Cf) and potential ecological risk coefficients(Er) of heavy metals
重金属 Cf Er 最大值 最小值 平均值 最大值 最小值 平均值 Cu 1.20 0.07 0.21 5.99 0.34 1.05 Zn 1.11 0.11 0.31 1.11 0.11 0.31 Pb 0.79 0.14 0.32 3.94 0.69 1.60 Cr 0.93 0.01 0.26 1.85 0.02 0.52 As 0.59 0.01 0.30 5.94 0.07 3.02 Cd 0.35 0.00 0.05 10.62 0.12 1.62 Hg 1.75 0.07 0.35 70.08 2.88 13.87
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