CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SHALE OIL RESERVOIR IN ZHANHUA SAG AND ITS CONTROLLING FACTORS
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摘要:
为确定沾化凹陷古近系沙河街组三段下亚段(沙三下亚段)页岩油储层特征及控制因素，开展了岩心、薄片、扫描电镜、X-射线衍射、物性、有机碳含量、岩石热解等分析测试工作。根据岩石矿物成分和显微沉积构造，可将研究区湖相泥页岩分为7类岩石类型。储集空间包括裂缝和孔隙2种类型，其中，裂缝主要有4类，即构造裂缝、异常压力缝、矿物收缩裂缝和层间微裂缝，前二者在岩心上清晰可见，后二者宽度为微米级别；孔隙主要有3类，即重结晶晶间孔、有机质演化孔和溶蚀孔隙，为纳米到微米级别。研究区页岩油储层发育的控制因素主要有4项：岩石矿物成分和显微沉积构造、有机质含量及赋存方式、成岩作用以及构造作用，在对各控制因素详细分析的基础上，选取方解石含量、纹层状构造、TOC、Ro、孔隙度及综合破裂率6项参数做为页岩油储层评价的关键参数，将沾化凹陷页岩油储层分为优质储层、有利储层和不利储层3类。
Abstract:A series of analyses and tests, including cores, thin sections, SEM, XRD, physical property, total organic carbon (TOC), rock pyrolysis, are made in order to reveal the characteristics and controlling factors for the shale reservoir in the Lower 3rd Member of Shahejie Formation, the Paleocene in the Zhanhua Sag. According to its mineral composition and micro-sedimentary structures, the lacustrine shale in the study area can be subdivided into 6 types of lithofacies. Reservoir spaces are made of fissures and pores. There are mainly 4 types of fissures, among which structural and abnormal pressure fissures are clearly visible on the cores, while shrinkage fissures and interlayer microcracks are both on a micron level. There are 3 types of pores: recrystallised pores, organic evolution pores and dissolution pores, ranging from nanometer to micron level. The four main factors, which control the development of shale reservoir space, include shale mineral composition and micro-sedimentary structures, organic matter content and occurrence, diagenesis and tectonic action. Based on the controlling factors mentioned above, therefore, six key parameters, i.e. calcite content, lamellar structure, TOC, Ro, porosity and total rate of fissures may be selected as the criteria to classify the shale reservoir in the Zhanhua Sag into 3 types: high quality reservoir, favorable reservoir and unfavorable reservoir.
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Key words:
- Zhanhua Sag /
- shale oil /
- lithofacies /
- reservoir characteristics /
- Shahejie Formation /
- Bohai Bay Basin
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表 1 构造裂缝密度与方解石含量关系统计表
Table 1. Density of structural fracture and its relation with calcite content
岩相 纹层状灰岩 纹层状
泥质灰岩块状
泥质灰岩纹层状
灰质泥岩块状
灰质泥岩纹层状
灰质粉砂岩方解石含量/% ≥70 50~75 50~75 25~50 25~50 25~50 岩心构造裂缝密度/(条/m) 11.7 10.4 7.6 5.5 4 3.5 
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表 2 沾化凹陷页岩油储层评价参数及标准
Table 2. Parameters and criteria for shale oil reservoir evaluation in the Zhanhua Sag
储层分类 方解石含量/% 纹层状构造 TOC/% Ro/% 孔隙度/% 综合破裂率 Ⅰ类-优质储层 ＞70 发育 ＞4 ＞0.7 ＞6 ＞1.4 Ⅱ类-有利储层 50~70 较发育 2~4 0.5~0.7 4~6 1~1.4 Ⅲ类-不利储层 ＜50 不发育 ＜2 ＜0.5 ＜4 ≤1
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