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摘要:
根据在现代黄河口南岸采集的45个表层沉积物样品与5个柱状沉积物样品的粒度测试结果，研究了现代黄河口南岸沉积物的类型与空间分布特征。通过粒度参数计算和聚类分析方法绘制了粒度概率累积曲线，探讨了沉积物粒度分布特征与物源和沉积动力环境间的关系。现代黄河口至广利河河口的沉积物颗粒呈“粗—细—粗”分布，表层沉积物分为粉砂质砂和砂质粉砂2种类型。通过分析对比柱状沉积物不同深度粒度频率曲线与概率累积曲线，结合对沉积环境和沉积速率的分析，认为黄河河道摆动是影响沉积环境的主导因素。通过对比典型潮滩剖面丰枯季节粒度概率累积曲线发现，广利河在局部区域对沉积环境产生一定的影响。研究表明：黄河改道是影响沉积环境的主导因素，同时，广利河等沿岸河流在河口局部区域对原有沉积环境有一定的改造作用，至莱州湾南岸，沿岸小清河、弥河等河流取代黄河成为影响沉积环境的主导因素。
Abstract:45 surface samples and 5 short cores are collected from the south bank of the modern Yellow River Estuary. Sediment types and their spatial distribution patterns are studied. Based on probability accumulative curves, grain size parameters are computed and the clustering method is adopted to reveal the spatial distribution and transport path of the sediments. Sediments vary in a pattern of "coarse-fine-coarse" from the modern Yellow River mouth to the Guangli Estuary. The study area is thus subdivided to two parts according the grain size distribution pattern. Frequency and probability cumulative curves in different depth of core sediments, combined with the data of coastline changes, types of sedimentary environment and sedimentation rate, suggest that the tempo-spatial variation in sediment discharge from the Yellow River are the major cause to the changes in sedimentary environments. The influence of Guangli River may be observed through the correlation of the probability cumulative curves of beach profiles in wet and dry seasons. The Guangli river system plays an obvious role in changes of the original sedimentary environment, while the Xiaoqing River and Mihe River on the southern bank of the Laizhou Bay also play certain roles to the changes in sedimentary environment.
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表 1 柱状样沉积物取样位置与岩心长度
Table 1. Statistic information of core samples used in this study
站位号 坐标 岩心长度/m 来源 DYZ1 37°25′22″N，118°55′47″E 1.2 2014年采样 DYZ2 37°23′47″N，118°56′57″E 1.08 2014年采样 Z07 37°31′53″N，119°10′34″E 2.5 2012年采样 Z13 37°23′47″N，119°10′19″E 2.68 2012年采样 Z17 37°18′21″N，119°10′07″E 3.06 2012年采样 
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表 2 不同潮滩位置粒度组分与粒度参数
Table 2. Lithology and grain size parameters of the surface sediments
粒度组分/% 粒度参数 砂 粉砂 黏土 平均粒径/Φ 分选系数 偏度 峰度 潮上带 最大值 52.9 72.8 10.1 5.3 1.8 11.8 5.0 最小值 18.1 44.7 2.3 4.0 0.6 0.5 0.7 平均值 28.3 64.4 7.3 4.8 1.4 8.4 3.1 潮间带 最大值 61.9 68.1 6.4 4.7 1.3 8.2 2.7 最小值 25.5 3.9 2.1 3.8 0.6 0.5 0.8 平均值 44.5 51.6 3.8 4.2 1.0 4.6 1.7 潮下带 最大值 80.8 56.5 4.4 4.34 1.1 5.7 2.0 最小值 39.3 17.3 0 3.5 0.5 0.1 0.5 平均值 58.9 38.6 2.6 3.9 0.8 2.8 1.3
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