IMPACTS OF STORM ON WATER AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORTATION THROUGH TIDAL CREEKS OF COASTAL WETLANDS: A CASE FROM EASTERN CHONGMING TIDAL FLAT, YANGTZE ESTUARY
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摘要:
为了探知风暴事件对滨海湿地潮沟水沙输运的影响，分别于平静天气和风暴天气(“摩羯”和“温比亚”台风)条件下，在崇明东滩一典型潮沟进行了现场水沙数据观测。结果表明：台风期间近岸平均风速较平静天气增大3~4倍，有效波高增大7~15倍，盐沼前缘光滩和潮沟遭受强烈侵蚀，潮滩表层沉积物粗化1~2.1倍，水体悬沙浓度增大3~11倍，潮沟潮周期单宽泥沙输运通量增大4~33倍, 单宽泥沙净输沙量增大8~17倍。风暴天气下，潮沟水沙输运呈现“大进大出”的特点，在盐沼潮滩内受盐沼植被消波、缓流和捕沙作用下，潮周期内单宽泥沙净通量指向盐沼潮滩，促进了盐沼滩内部泥沙的淤积。
Abstract:In order to investigate the impacts of storm event on water and sediment transportations through tidal creeks of coastal wetlands, in-situ measurements were carried out in a typical tidal creek in the Eastern Chongming tidal flat under both the conditions of calm weather and stormy weather (during the typhoons of "Yagi" and "Rumbia"). The facts show that the average wind speed near the shore during typhoon period was 3~4 times higher than that in calm weather, while the significant wave height increased by 7~15 times. During the storm event, mudflat and saltmarsh at the tidal front were strongly eroded, surface sediment coarsened for 1~2.1 times, suspended sediment concentration increased by 3~11 times, the sediment transport flux per unit width for each tidal cycle increased by 4~33 times, and the net sediment flux per unit width for each tidal cycle increased by 8~17 times. The transportation of water and sediment during flood and ebb tides under storm weather conditions were much greater than those under calm weather conditions. The net sediment flux was moving towards saltmarsh flats and deposit there due to attenuation of wave, retarding of current flow and trapping of mud.
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Key words:
- storm /
- tidal creek /
- water and sediment transportation /
- hydrodynamic /
- Yangtze Estuary
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表 1 平静天气下潮周期内潮沟单宽输水、输沙特征
Table 1. Water and sediment flux per unit width for each tidal cycle under calm weather conditions
潮周期 涨潮单宽
输沙量/(kg/m)落潮单宽
输沙量/(kg/m)涨潮单宽
输水量/m2落潮单宽
输水量/m2归槽单宽
水量/m2单宽泥沙
净通量/(kg/m)t1 1 496 3 213 4 626 7 597 1 291 -426 t2 279 145 1 406 1 849 34 168 t3 1 412 5 209 4 988 12 482 3 404 -393 t4 730 290 1 550 2 142 82 522 t5 1 796 6 045 5 182 14 650 4 162 -86 t6 486 213 1 668 1 971 37 309 t7 1 978 5 488 5 054 13 976 3 757 247 t8 303 175 1 641 2 090 37 164 t9 2 280 4 069 5 013 12 735 2 588 800 t10 284 202 1 364 1 930 57 138 t11 1 926 2 349 4 159 8 006 1 187 764 注：单宽泥沙净通量正值表示泥沙向岸输送，负值表示向海输送。 
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表 2 风暴天气下潮沟潮周期内单宽输水.输沙特征
Table 2. Water and sediment flux per unit width for each tidal cycle under storm weather conditions
潮周期 涨潮单宽
输沙量/(kg/m)落潮单宽
输沙量/(kg/m)涨潮单宽
输水量/m2落潮单宽
输水量/m2滩面归槽
水量/m2单宽泥沙
净通量/(kg/m)T1 9 030 16 208 7 516 25 943 18 427 4 665 T2 3 606 13 895 4 409 11 473 7 064 -1 857 T3 9 317 20 917 6 299 24 804 18 505 2 014 T4 6 171 7 146 3 829 6 742 2 914 2 144 T5 5 320 14 678 6 331 24 093 17 762 1 548 T6 1 768 2 011 3 134 5 056 1 922 557 T7 3 364 8 102 5 878 17 322 11 443 597 T8 1 902 2 009 3 203 5 072 1 869 636 T9 4 059 4 864 5 407 11 037 5 630 1 717 T10 6 064 4 831 4 037 6 056 2 019 2 985 T11 12 072 18 287 5 107 15 647 10 540 6 353 T12 4 064 2 387 1 939 4 086 2 147 3 022 T13 839 533 1 559 2 486 926 530 注：单宽泥沙净通量正值表示泥沙向岸输送，负值表示向海输送。
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