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摘要:
气-水相对渗透率是天然气水合物现场试采的关键参数。如何测量和评估储层相对渗透率是提高产气效率、实现天然气水合物产业化需要解决的基础问题。从含水合物沉积物相对渗透率的实验测试、数值模拟和模型建立3个方面，总结了含水合物沉积物相对渗透率的研究进展，研究发现，现有含水合物沉积物实验测试大多采用非稳态法，相对渗透率曲线图显示：在同一含水饱和度下，水合物饱和度越大，水的相对渗透率越小，气的相对渗透率变化规律较为复杂；水合物饱和度的变化改变了沉积物的孔隙空间结构，进而影响气-水相对渗透率。数值模拟大多利用孔隙网络模型或持水曲线进行相对渗透率计算，探索水合物生长习性、孔隙赋存特征，并揭示颗粒尺寸、水合物饱和度、润湿性、表面张力等不同因素对气-水相对渗透率的影响差异。梳理多种相对渗透率模型，发现新近提出的考虑毛细作用和孔径分布的含水合物介质相对渗透率模型在模拟含水合物沉积物中的多相流以及解释水合物饱和度的变化方面具有优势。建议下一步克服该模型计算成本较高的缺陷，实现含水合物沉积物多相流物理精确建模。
Abstract:Gas-water relative permeability is a key parameter in the trial production of natural gas hydrate. Measurement and evaluation of the parameter of the hydrate reservoir is essential for enhancing gas production efficiency and realizing the industrialization of natural gas hydrate production. This paper provides a review on the research progress in the relative permeability of hydrate-bearing sediments. It is summarized from three aspects, i.e. experimental measurement, numerical simulation, and model establishment. It is found that the unsteady-state method is widely employed in the permeability measurements for hydrate-bearing sediment. The relative permeability curve suggests that higher hydrate saturation will cause lower water relative permeability at a given water saturation, but the variation of gas relative permeability is complicated; the pore-structure of the sediment changes along with the hydrate saturation, which further results in the changes of gas-water relative permeability. Numerical simulation mostly calculates relative permeability with a pore network model or a water retention curve to explore hydrate growth habits and pore-filling characteristics and the effect of various factors such as particle size, hydrate saturation, wettability, and interface tension and their influence on gas-water relative permeability. A newly developed relative permeability model for hydrate-bearing media considering the influences of the capillarity and pore-size distribution (referred to as RPHCP) is introduced in this work, which shows obvious advantages in simulating the multi-phase flow of hydrate-bearing sediments and explaining the changes of hydrate saturation compared to other models. RPHCP model is recommended to overcome the defect of the high cost of computation of RPHCP model to achieve precise modeling of multiphase flow in hydrate-bearing sediments.
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表 1 相对渗透率模型
Table 1. Relative permeability models
模型 模型形式 模型参数 描述 优缺点 SINGH 等[89] 
kri为气体或水的相对渗透率，kpm是水合物饱和度为Sh时沉积物的绝对渗透率，βi与ηi为经验参数 考虑毛管力对气水两相渗流的影响, 引入了4 个经验参数（气、水各2个参数） 这4 个参数只需要根据任一给定的水合物饱和度下的实验参数拟合求取一次，便可在其他水合物饱和度下预测含水合物沉积物气-水渗透率 SINGH等[113] 
krw、krg、Sw、Pc分别是水的相对渗透率、气体相对渗透率、水的饱和度和毛细管压力 基于Purcell方程，提出的一种利用毛细管压力数据推断岩石渗透率的方法 可用于估算常规储层岩石两相流中水的相对渗透率，但不能用于存在多于两相或水不是润湿相的其他流动问题 LEI等[115] 
λ是所有水合物生长模式中PF的比例，可通过实验测试确定。参数λ在0（即WC水合物）到1（即PF水合物）的范围内变化 假设水合物均匀分布在多孔介质的圆柱形孔隙中，有两种主要的水合物生长模式，即PF水合物、WC水合物以及两者的组合。考虑了有效应力引起的含水合物沉积物孔隙结构的变化 利用实验渗透率数据，可以使用反演建模来估算孔隙尺度参数和岩石岩性；可作为确定含水合物沉积物剩余水饱和度的替代方法 LIU等[116] 
最大直径λmax、面积Df和弯曲度Dt；Df和Dt是分形维数 该模型将孔隙中的水和气视为两束分形毛细管，并考虑了孔隙特征和孔隙尺度水、气分布的物理特性 所提出的模型刻画了水和气体的孔隙尺度分布，并反映了水在石英砂岩表面的亲水性 SINGH等[120] （kri）eff = 
β为孔隙形状校正系数，（kri）PF和（kri）GC分别为孔隙充填型和颗粒包裹型水合物的相对渗透率 综合考虑孔隙形状、平均孔径、孔隙度、束缚水饱和度、水合物饱和度等岩石特性，气、水饱和度和黏度等流体特性以及水合物生长模式 该模型可以进行相关物理参数对相对渗透率的敏感性分析以及使用反演建模对岩石参数（如孔隙度、孔隙大小和残余水饱和度）进行估算 van GENUCHTEN[82] 
Sw为含水饱和度，Srw为束缚水饱和度，Srw为残余水饱和度，Swmax为气体相对渗透率开始出现时的含水饱和度，m为孔隙分布指数 最初用于非饱和土壤中的气-水相对渗透率计算 BROOKS和COREY[69] 
Sw为含水饱和度，Srw为束缚水饱和度，Srg是残余气饱和度，nw和ng分别是水和气渗透率的拟合参数 
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